Suchergebnisse

Este trabajo discutirá, a partir de la experiencia sueca, el potencial de desarrollo de la Agenda 21 Local (A21L, en adelante) como un proceso de larga duración. Suecia fue uno de los primeros países en implantar la A21L, lo que explicaría que con el paso del tiempo se registrase en Suecia una elevada proporción de actividad de la A21L europea. Hasta el momento, la A21L lleva implantada ininterrumpidamente en Suecia quince años. Durante este periodo, el gobierno central ha aumentado el apoyo financiero a la A21L, pero, a pesar del éxito general de las cada vez más numerosas iniciativas locales a favor del desarrollo sostenible, lo cierto es que aparecen signos de cierta fatiga y de una menor actividad en los últimos años, lo que da lugar al interrogante acerca de la sostenibilidad de la misma Agenda 21 Local. ¿Es ésta un proceso duradero o más bien un proyecto de corta duración? ¿Qué pueden aprender de la experiencia sueca aquellos países que no han llegado tan lejos? ; This article will discuss the potential of Local Agenda 21 as a lasting process, drawing from the Swedish experience. LA 21 in Sweden had both an early start and a high proportion of LA 21 activity. To date, Sweden has implemented LA 21 for almost fifteen years, have been tested. Over time, central government has increased its financial support to LA 21, but despite a general success in increased local initiatives towards sustainable development, there are also signs of a certain fatigue and less activity in recent years. The question thus arises: How sustainable might Local Agenda 21 become? Is it a lasting process, or is it rather a short-lived project? What might countries that have come less far learn from the Swedish experience?

Delphi Groups are an increasingly popular method, not least because electronic communications have made it easier to assemble a 'virtual' expert panel, but there have been a number of review articles which have pointed to a lack of rigour. Using an extended case study of a Delphi Group designed to establish agreed policy recommendations and deriving from a project using observational and semi-structured interview methods, this article examines the value of Delphi Groups as part of a mixed method research design. The article includes a narrative of the sequence of events in the Delphi Group's deliberations, a detailed examination of how the group process led to the modification of one draft policy recommendation, a further examination of a contested additional policy recommendation, and a list of pragmatic recommendations on the conduct of Delphi Groups in respect of size, composition, recruitment, contestation, timing, closure and scope.

This article combines data from two separate studies of the shipping industry, one on enforcement of new regulations on the use of low-sulphur fuel and one on supply chain influences on ship operators' health and safety policies and practices. The shipping industry is a valuable natural laboratory for the study of patterns of compliance and governance in late modernity because it is characterised both by highly developed polycentric governance structures and by globalising economic processes including vertically disaggregated global value chains, outsourcing and offshoring. Segmented markets have permitted some 'blue riband' companies to operate a social license 'beyond compliance', and that such social licenses are more extensive in respect of environment policies than in health and safety policies that may be attributed to supply chain influences. Ship operators' compliance is seen as a combination of instrumental compliance, normative compliance, a taken for granted culture of compliance and corporate policies of labour-force governance. A taken for granted culture of compliance is identified as the main reason for compliance with the new low-sulphur regulations, which are currently (uncharacteristically) subject to only limited enforcement effort.