Suchergebnisse

This report introduces findings from qualitative, case-study-based field research undertaken in late 2007 as part of a review of the work of Timap for justice (Timap), a not for-profit paralegal and advocacy organization in Sierra Leone. The analysis was intended to explain how and to what extent Timap has achieved its goals, in particular: 1) to help people achieve concrete solutions to justice problems; and 2) to increase the accountability and fairness of both traditional and formal governmental institutions. The primary audience for this report is Timap's directors and paralegals, though the data may also be useful to other paralegal organizations in developing nations, institutions with a focus on justice and rule of law, development institutions, and a wider audience with an interest in local-level justice.

1. Club feet and charity : children at the House of Charity, Soho, 1848-1914 / Pat Starkey -- 2. Insanity, family and community in late-Victorian Britain / Amy Rebok Rosenthal -- 3. The mixed economy of welfare and the care of sick and disabled children in the south Wales coalfield, c.1850-1950 / Steven Thompson -- 4. The question of oralism and the experiences of deaf children, 1880-1914 / Mike Mantin -- 5. Exploring patient experience in an Australian institution for children with learning disabilities, 1887-1933 / Lee-Ann Monk and Corinne Manning -- 6. From representation to experience : disability in the British advice literature for parents, 1890-1980 / Anne Borsay -- 7. Treating children with non-pulmonary tuberculosis in Sweden : Apelviken, c.1900-30 / Staffan Forhammar and Marie C. Nelson -- 8. Health visiting and disability issues in England before 1948 / Pamela Dale -- 9. Spanish health services and polio epidemics in the twentieth century : the 'discovery' of a new group of disabled people, 1920-70 / Jose Martinez-Perez. [et al.] -- 10. Cured by kindness? Child guidance services during the Second World War / Sue Wheatcroft -- 11. Education, traning and social competence : special education in Glasgow since 1945 / Angela Turner -- 12. Hyperactivity and American history, 1957-present : challenges to and opportunities for understanding / Matthew Smith.

What happens when the state's vision and expanding reach bring it into contact with traditional value systems and governance structures? In what circumstances can the distribution of resources in a fragile society prevent-or exacerbate-conflict within and between communities? How do state expansion and public spending impact upon societal expectations of the state and state legitimacy? This report examines these questions through the lens of access, claiming, and decision making in government-sponsored community development programs. The findings illustrate the hurdles faced by government and development actors operating in pluralistic societies, and provide input on how local governance and decision making might be incorporated to enrich programming. This report aims to provide the government of Timor-Leste, particularly those responsible for decentralization, community development, and local governance planning, with information to inform their determination of an appropriate mix of models for local development. The relative priority the government will ultimately give to these different models, partly a trade-off between speed and depth, will impact on the way in which development and local governance are understood and taken on board by rural communities. This report finds that the achievement of the dual goals of state legitimacy and sustainable, effective local development hinges in large part on the willingness of state officials (and the donors that support them) to engage productively with communities and locally legitimate customary systems of authority.

The portability of social benefits is gaining importance given the increasing share of individuals working at least part of their life outside their home country. Bilateral social security agreements (BSSAs) are considered a crucial approach to establishing portability, but the functionality and effectiveness of these agreements have not yet been investigated; thus, importance guidance for policy makers in migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries is missing. To shed light on how BSSAs work in practice, this document is part of a series providing information and lessons from studies of portability in four diverse but comparable migration corridors: Austria-Turkey, Germany-Turkey, Belgium-Morocco, and France-Morocco. A summary policy paper draws broader conclusions and offers overarching policy recommendations. This report looks specifically into the working of the France-Morocco corridor. Findings suggest that the BSSA between France and Morocco is broadly working well, with only a few substantive issues in the area of pensions and the task of implementing access to health care for retired migrants under the new BSSA effective as of 2011. The pension issues cluster around access to survivor's pensions in view of civil law differences of addressing divorces and repudiation and the non-exportability of minimum pension guarantees in line with European Union legislation and lacking reciprocity. Process issues around information provision in Morocco and automation of information exchange to speed up benefit processing are recognized.

The portability of social benefits is gaining importance given the increasing share of individuals working at least part of their life outside their home country. Bilateral social security agreements (BSSAs) are considered a crucial approach to establishing portability, but the functionality and effectiveness of these agreements have not yet been investigated; thus, important guidance for policy makers in migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries is missing. To shed light on how BSSAs work in practice, this document is part of a series providing information and lessons from studies of portability in four diverse but comparable migration corridors: Austria-Turkey, Germany-Turkey, Belgium-Morocco, and France-Morocco. A summary policy paper draws broader conclusions and offers overarching policy recommendations. This report looks specifically into the working of the Belgium-Morocco corridor. Findings suggest that the BSSA is broadly working well, with no main substantive issues in the area of pension portability, except for the non-portability of the noncontributory top-up pension and issues with widows' pensions in case of divorce and repudiation, and in health care, the pending introduction of portable health care for retirees with single pensions from the other country. Process issues around information provision in Morocco and automation of information exchange are recognized.

AbstractSocial protection cash transfers are a vital policy instrument in tackling poverty, and provide an affordable, broad‐based foundation for inclusive growth and social stability. Yet, international experience has shown that many countries have too many programs, but with coverage gaps and fragmented benefits which leave significant proportions of the population without adequate poverty relief or improved economic security. Here, we examine the design and poverty impact of the primary cash transfer programs in the Democratic Republic of Timor‐Leste using nationally representative survey data. We find that though Timor‐Leste's level of social protection expenditure is high by international standards, the overall poverty impact is incommensurate with spending levels. This is explained by the proportion of expenditure devoted to transfers to veterans, the large proportion of the poor population which is not reached by the current targeting mechanisms, and the small coverage and benefit level of the only program that explicitly targets poor households.