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This study investigates family social capital "stock and flow" processes defined by social capital access and use at the family‐firm nexus over time. We examined direction of effects in associations between family functional strength and business‐related tension moderated by firm continuation status using National Family Business Panel data, grounded in the Sustainable Family Business Theory (SFBT). Families continuing ownership experienced greater family functional continuity, which was associated with less business‐related tension over time. Families discontinuing ownership exhibited less functional continuity with a family and business disengagement pattern. Regarding bridging of family capital resources, differences were found in human, social, and financial capital that were associated with family functional strength and business‐related tension for each ownership group. For both groups, however, making family a priority over firm was associated with stronger family functionality. Contributions include theoretical and methodological distinctions between family capital stocks and flows and support for SFBT theoretical propositions.

Business tensions were investigated for farm couples. Wives reported higher tension in four out of seven business tensions. Profit was the highest priority for husbands, whereas wives identified good family relationships as the highest priority. Transferring family financial resources to the business and having preschool children was associated with increased tensions for both wives and husbands. For husbands only, experiencing more stressful life events and indicating high importance for keeping the business within the family was associated with increased tensions. For both spouses, having the husband place family over business in priority, having a high level of functional integrity in the family system, and having a wife who was satisfied with her role in the business was associated with decreased tensions.

This study's purpose is to investigate how implicit family financial socialization (family communication quality and family economic enmeshment) influences emerging adults' objective and subjective financial well-being mediated by the degree to which the emerging adult child adopts their parents as financial role model. Using a multi-informant approach, structural equation model family-level analyses were conducted based on responses from mothers, fathers, and emerging adults in 160 Italian families. Results indicate that family communication quality has an indirect, positive effect on subjective financial well-being through adoption of parents as a financial role model. Family economic enmeshment has a direct, negative effect on the emerging adult's personal income not received from their parents. A direct, positive relationship was found between adoption of parents as financial role models and economic dependence on parents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of certain characteristics of family business decision-making processes (customer orientation and open and negotiating family decision-making styles) to business and family goal achievement as mediated by emotions (family supportiveness). We undertook this study to better understand why certain family businesses make consistently better decisions than others, leading them to earn more money and have family members who are happier in their home lives. Decision theory undergirded the study development. The sample consisted of 277 family business owners, and the data are from the National Family Business Panel data set. Our results showed that if the business owners focused on customer satisfaction and product quality when making decisions, they tended to make more money and tended to be happier at home. If families made business decisions in open and negotiating ways, their members were happier about their decisions because they felt supported by the other family members. Furthermore, family members who felt good about the support they got from their family members in their business decision-making were also happier in their home lives in general.

This study examines the impact of federal disaster assistance on the survival and success of small family‐owned businesses with fewer than 500 employees from 1996 to 1999. Small family‐owned business owners were defined as those who had been in business at least a year, had spent a least 6 hours a week or a minimum of 312 hours annually working in the business, had lived with at least one family member and had fewer than 500 employees. This study suggests firms located in counties receiving more disaster assistance are not more likely to survive, however these firms are more likely to realize positive changes in revenue than firms located in counties receiving less disaster assistance. Businesses located in an economically vulnerable rural county, those engaged in family to business resource intermingling and those transferring more business income to the household were more likely to survive. Larger businesses, those headed by women and those transferring more income from the business to the family were most likely to succeed.

By exploring difficulty in managing work-family conflict for minority entrepreneurs, this study considers work-family issues for business persons who have received little attention in the literature, yet form new businesses at rates exceeding the national average. We employ a role theory perspective to examine two major research questions using a nationally representative sample of African-American, Mexican-American, Korean-American, and White business owners. Specifically, we ask: do minority business owners experience greater difficulty in managing conflicts between work and family roles when compared to White entrepreneurs? And does difficulty in managing work-family conflict negatively impact business performance? Empirical results show that Korean-American and Mexican-American entrepreneurs have greater role demands, and subsequently, higher levels of difficulty in managing work-family conflict than African-Americans and Whites. Furthermore, difficulty in managing work-family conflict negatively impacts business performance whether performance is measured through the perception of the business owner, or through more objective financial measures. We contribute to the literature on minority entrepreneurs as well as expand the work-family conflict literature by shifting the focus from employed individuals to entrepreneurs, and by emphasizing the effect of such conflict on performance rather than well-being.

Abstract: Language patterns of family business owners were explored by identifying discourse styles and emphasized ideas in four presenting contexts: business, family, intersection of family and business, and business success. The content analysis supports the existence of a general discourse style within family businesses and of similarities and differences between men and women in emphasized ideas as they frame their family businesses. The emotional discourse style (words of personal involvement, concern, and preference) was prominent across contexts for both genders, and there was a distinct absence of analytical language. Women had a higher emotional discourse style score for managing the business than did men, and balanced their emotional language with the practicality of planning tasks and creating efficiencies.

This longitudinal study finds that spousal capital is an important resource for entrepreneurs starting a business because it has implications for business sustainability and couple relationship quality. Structural equation modeling supported a process whereby gender had an impact on spousal involvement in the business, which was positively associated with dedication to the business, leading to shorter break‐even times, and higher couple relationship quality. Male entrepreneurs were more likely to have a spouse involved in the business compared to female entrepreneurs, which in part, may contribute to the gender gap in the success of new businesses. Study findings have implications for couples seeking to start a business as well as family educators working with such couples.

AbstractThe study's purpose is to examine the relative importance of direct disaster assistance to family‐owned small firms on their survival and success while considering the components of their adaptive capacity after experiencing Hurricane Katrina. This study employed data from the 2013 and 2015 Small Business Survival and Demise after a Natural Disaster Project (SBSD), a project funded by the National Science Foundation. The logistic regression results show that family businesses with SBA loans (or loan guarantees) were significantly more likely to survive. In addition, family businesses where household and family issues were more frequently in conflict with work demands were more likely to survive. On the other hand, the OLS regression results indicate that family businesses with more stress and more family–business conflict were less likely to succeed.