Suchergebnisse

La intuición de que las estadísticas circulan en el mundo actual como "cajas negras" es mucho más compartida que el conocimiento de los esfuerzos acumulados en las últimas décadas por explicitar su carácter social e histórico y por comprender su lugar en los modos contemporáneos de aprehender la realidad social. Un conjunto de estudios provenientes de distintas tradiciones hicieron de las estadísticas un objeto válido de conocimiento sociológico, tomaron distancia de su uso tradicional como fuentes o evidencia científica y de las preguntas clásicas que el historiador, el sociólogo o el economista acostumbran hacerse sobre ellas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo reconstruir a grandes trazos el panorama actual de los estudios sociales sobre las estadísticas, identificando los principales enfoques orientados a esclarecer la naturaleza social y política de las estadísticas. Por lo tanto, no se trata de una recuperación de las tradiciones intelectuales que confluyeron en los orígenes de la estadística ni de la ambición de rearmar su genealogía como ensayaron otros autores, sino más bien de poner en visibilidad las potencialidades de una nuevo enfoque como el de la sociología de las estadísticas. ; The intuition that statistics circulate as "black boxes" is much more shared than the knowledge of the efforts accumulated in recent decades to make explicit its social and historical character and to understand its place in contemporary ways of apprehending the social reality. A set of studies from different traditions made statistics a valid object of sociological knowledge, took away from their traditional use as sources or scientific evidence and the classical questions that the historian, sociologist or economist are accustomed to make about them. This article aims to reconstruct the current panorama of social studies on statistics, identifying the main approaches to clarify the social and political nature of statistics. Therefore, it is not a question of a recovery of the intellectual traditions that came together in the origins of statistics or of the ambition to reassemble their genealogy as other authors have tried, but rather to make visible the potentialities of a new approach such as the sociology of statistics. ; Fil: Daniel, Claudia Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentina

Este trabajo explora, desde el punto de vista comparativo, los procesos de institucionalización de la estadística pública en Argentina y Brasil entre los años 1930 y 1950, prestando especial atención a los modos de organización del trabajo estadístico, a los cambios normativos y al perfil de los elencos técnicoburocráticos. Su interés radica en estudiar una etapa de reorganización de los aparatos estadísticos nacionales enmarcada en un proceso de reconfiguración estatal más amplio. Nos interrogamos acerca de los factores políticoinstitucionales que contribuyeron a consolidar un patrón de actuación técnica y política para la estadística pública de esos países en la segunda posguerra. ; This article explores, from a comparative point of view, the processes of institutionalization of official statistics in Argentina and Brazil from 1930 to 1950, paying special attention to the organizational features of statistical work, the normative changes that took place and the profiles of the techno-bureaucratic staff. The interest of this article lies in the study of a phase of reorganization of the national statistical system within the framework of a broader process of State reconfiguration. It analyzes the political and institutional factors that contributed to the consolidation of a pattern of technical and political action regarding official statistics in these countries in the years following the Second World War. ; Fil: Daniel, Claudia Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentina

Amidst the political and economic tensions that culminated in World War II, the Brazilian and Argentine states embarked within a few years of each other on significant reforms of their statistical services. In Brazil, the reform gave rise to a new and completely original statistical institution. Argentina, under the pressure of similar statistical challenges, launched a number of failed reorganization attempts. The goal of this article is to analyze and compare the restructuring of both statistical apparatuses. This paper explores how the pillars of the edifice of public statistics in each country were historically constructed, in order to understand the basis of its social legitimacy and credibility. ; Dans le contexte de tensions politiques et économiques qui a précédé la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les États brésilien et argentin ont engagé, en l'espace de quelques années, des réformes importantes de leurs services statistiques. Au Brésil, la réforme a donné lieu à une institution nouvelle et complètement originale. Confrontée à des défis statistiques similaires, l'Argentine a quant à elle vu échouer ses nombreuses tentatives de réorganisation. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser et de comparer la restructuration des deux appareils statistiques. En revenant sur la façon dont les institutions de la statistique publique se sont historiquement construites dans chacun des deux pays, cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les fondements de leur légitimité sociale et de leur crédibilité. ; Fil: Daniel, Claudia Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentina

Este trabalho tem um duplo propósito: por um lado, apresentar a relevância, abrangência e profundidade dos estudos históricos e sociológicos sobre a quantificação; de outro, reconstruir as origens deste campo e as transformações por ele conhecidas ao longo dos últimos anos. Nesse percurso, interessa-nos destacar os vínculos entre os trabalhos que analisaram os processos de raciocinar, valorar, medir e comparar com números e as preocupações clássicas e contemporâneas da sociologia. Com este objetivo, o presente artigo oferece uma ampla revisão da literatura do campo, buscando despertar o interesse da comunidade de cientistas sociais por suas potencialidades heurísticas. Ao mesmo tempo, procura-se compilar as contribuições dos estudos sociais da quantificação à sociologia como um todo. A primeira seção apresenta um relato histórico sobre a formação desta perspectiva de análise, suas principais obras de referência e aportes mais significativos. A segunda seção discute as razões pelas quais entendemos que a sociologia deveria ampliar sua atenção para as operações e os regimes de quantificação nas sociedades contemporâneas. Além disso, examina as contribuições que o campo tem a oferecer para a reflexão sobre as questões nodais da disciplina, como o problema dos fundamentos da ordem social e da autoridade política, os processos de diferenciação social e configuração de subjetividades, a participação social, a crítica e a agência social transformadora.***AbstractThis article has a dual purpose: on the one hand, it seeks to present the relevance, scope, and depth of historical and sociological approaches on quantification; on the other, it seeks to reconstruct the origins of this field and its changes over the past few years. Thus, we emphasize the links between the works that analyzed the processes of reasoning, valuing, measuring, and comparing through numbers and sociology's main classical and contemporary concerns. As such, this article offers a broad review of the literature in the field, seeking to arouse the interest of the community of social scientists for its heuristic potential. At the same time, it seeks to compile the contributions of the social studies of quantification to sociology as a whole. The first section presents a historical account of the formation of this analytical perspective, its main references and most significant contributions. The second section discusses the reasons why we believe sociology should extend its attention to the regimes of quantification in contemporary societies. In addition, it addresses the contributions of the field for the advancement of nodal issues, such as the problem of the foundations of social order and political authority, the processes of social differentiation, and the making of subjects, social engagement, criticism, and social change.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Back to color Ethnic Origins, Race and Nation in Argentine Censuses -- Chapter 3: Statistics, regionalization and the rise of the dimension of the national in Brazil -- Chapter 4: Reckoning the might of the Republic: Official statistics and population in Colombia, 1886-1936 -- Chapter 5: Antonio Peñafiel, a physician collecting statistical figures to create a statistical culture for Mexican public life -- Chapter 6: The Caribbean Crucible. How the colonial experience shaped statistical practices in the French Caribbean -- Chapter 7: The Statistics on the Old French Colony of Guadalupe from the nineteenth century to the interwar period -- Chapter 8: Counting Before the Nations. Statistics and Enlightenment in South America.