Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgements AG was funded by the National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research Wales (WCPHWR), and SP, DF, and JG are members of the NCPHWR team in Cardiff University. We would like to thank the Brecon Group (which comprises all paediatricians and paediatric diabetes healthcare staff in Wales with an interest in Diabetes and endocrinology). The Brecon Group was supported initially by grants from NovoNordisk and subsequently the Welsh Government. Funds from the Economic and Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, and Alcohol Research UK supported the establishment of the ELASTiC data platform.This study used anonymised data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We would like to acknowledge all the data providers who enable SAIL to make anonymised data available for research. Data sharing The datasets used in this study are available in the SAIL Databank at Swansea University, Swansea, UK, but as restrictions apply, they are not publicly available. All proposals to use SAIL data are subject to review by an independent Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP). Before any data can be accessed, approval must be given by the IGRP. The IGRP gives careful consideration to each project to ensure proper and appropriate use of SAIL data. When access has been granted, it is gained through a privacy-protecting safe haven and remote access system referred to as the SAIL Gateway. SAIL has established an application process to be followed by anyone who would like to access data via SAIL at https://www.saildatabank.com/application-process. Funding information: Alcohol Research UK; Medical Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; Welsh Government; Novo Nordisk; Brecon Group; National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research Wales ; Peer reviewed ; Postprint ; Publisher PDF

Mediation Analysis for Life Course Studies: Bianca De Stavola & Rhian Daniel -- Lifelong socio-economic position and later life health related behaviour: A formal mediation approach: George B. Ploubidis, Lenka Benova, Bianca DeStavola & Emily Grundy -- Physical activity: a moderator or mediator in the association between fertility history and later life health?: Sanna Read & Emily Grundy -- Self-rated health over the life course: Evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts:George B. Ploubidis & Benedetta Pongiglione

Background There is currently a lack of qualitative research exploring how cognitive and emotional reactions to the threat of SARS-CoV-2 affected the health behaviours of people living with and without pre-existing mental and physical health conditions. We aimed to investigate how the threat of SARS-CoV-2 influenced the thoughts, feelings and health behaviours of people with and without pre-existing health conditions in the UK. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of UK adults (aged 18 and over). Free-text responses were analysed using a quali- tative framework approach guided by the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation. Results Of the 9110 respondents, 2763 participants provided at least one free-text response. Three main themes were derived from the data. Theme one, locus of control, reports on the extent to which people felt in control during the first wave of the pandemic. Theme two, emotional impact, conveys how individuals felt and how people's personal circumstances made them more vulnerable to experiencing negative emotions during the pandemic. Theme three, coping strategies, describes common health-protective and health-threatening behaviours performed by individuals, as well as the importance of social connectedness, the social context and the need for collective action during the first national lockdown. Conclusion Complex psychological interventions including behaviour change are required to mitigate the psychological burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and increase autonomy in people with and without pre-existing conditions during this highly uncertain time. Behavioural scientists can support governments and public health agencies to develop evidence- based communication and behaviour change strategies that support people to address unhelpful beliefs and emotions and strengthen coping abilities as the UK moves through and beyond the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of qualitative research exploring how cognitive and emotional reactions to the threat of SARS-CoV-2 affected the health behaviours of people living with and without pre-existing mental and physical health conditions. We aimed to investigate how the threat of SARS-CoV-2 influenced the thoughts, feelings and health behaviours of people with and without pre-existing health conditions in the UK. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey of UK adults (aged 18 and over). Free-text responses were analysed using a qualitative framework approach guided by the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation. RESULTS: Of the 9110 respondents, 2763 participants provided at least one free-text response. Three main themes were derived from the data. Theme one, locus of control, reports on the extent to which people felt in control during the first wave of the pandemic. Theme two, emotional impact, conveys how individuals felt and how people's personal circumstances made them more vulnerable to experiencing negative emotions during the pandemic. Theme three, coping strategies, describes common health-protective and health-threatening behaviours performed by individuals, as well as the importance of social connectedness, the social context and the need for collective action during the first national lockdown. CONCLUSION: Complex psychological interventions including behaviour change are required to mitigate the psychological burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and increase autonomy in people with and without pre-existing conditions during this highly uncertain time. Behavioural scientists can support governments and public health agencies to develop evidence-based communication and behaviour change strategies that support people to address unhelpful beliefs and emotions and strengthen coping abilities as the UK moves through and beyond the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12529-022-10055-z.

Acknowledgement We thank the SAIL databank for assisting in the statistical disclosure process. Declarations and Funding Data is collected routinely and access to this was granted via the SAIL databank. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The data sets generated and analysed during the current study are available in the SAIL databank repository, https://saildatabank.com/. This work was supported by funds from the Economic and Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, and Alcohol Research UK to the ELAStiC Project (ESL015471/1) and Public Health Wales. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be assumed to be of the funding body. The research was also supported by The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. This work was supported by Health Data Research UK, which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust. The funders had no role in designing the study, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in writing the report; MAB's role in the design, analysis, and writing was independent of the funding from Public Health Wales. SP, SL and MAB had the original idea for this study. SP, AE, RA, EL and RD designed the study and developed the analysis plan. AJ provided advice on the mental health codes used in this analysis. AB extracted the data and prepared data sets for analysis. EM, AE and RA analysed the data. EM and RA wrote the first draft of the paper. All authors were involved in interpreting the findings, revising drafts and agreeing the final version. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Background: Evidence suggests that social protection policies such as Brazil's Bolsa Família Programme (BFP), a governmental conditional cash transfer, may play a role in tuberculosis (TB) elimination. However, study limitations hamper conclusions. This paper uses a quasi-experimental approach to more rigorously evaluate the effect of BFP on TB treatment success rate. Methods: Propensity scores were estimated from a complete-case logistic regression using covariates from a linked data set, including the Brazil's TB notification system (SINAN), linked to the national registry of those in poverty (CadUnico) and the BFP payroll. Results: The average effect of treatment on the treated was estimated as the difference in TB treatment success rate between matched groups (ie, the control and exposed patients, n=2167). Patients with TB receiving BFP showed a treatment success rate of 10.58 percentage points higher (95% CI 4.39 to 16.77) than patients with TB not receiving BFP. This association was robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This study further confirms a positive relationship between the provision of conditional cash transfers and TB treatment success rate. Further research is needed to understand how to enhance access to social protection so to optimise public health impact.