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Intro -- Looking Forward to Inclusive Digital Education -- Organization of the Book -- Contents -- Inclusive Technology-Enhanced Education -- References -- A Third Space: Infusing Open Educational Resources (OER) with Universal Design for Learning (UDL) -- Introduction -- Open Education Resources (OER) -- Students as Co-Creators of OERs -- User Generated Content: Its Role in Education and OER Development -- Open Education Practices (OEP) -- Supporting Students as Co-Creators and Consumers and Users of OERs -- UDL Underpinning Inclusive Equitable Design -- A Third Space Infusing Open Educational Resources (OER) with Universal Design for Learning (UDL) -- Conclusion -- References -- Open Educational Resources for Inclusive Education: A Tangible Response for Italian School -- The ICF and the Use of Technologies -- Open Educational Resources (OER) -- Types of OERs and Where to Find Them -- Available Licences for the Creation of Open Multimedia Resources -- The Advantages of OERs -- OERs for Inclusive Education -- The Contribution of Research for the Italian School -- The So.Di.Linux Characteristics -- So.Di.Linux for the Inclusion of Specific Disabilities -- Essediquadro -- The Database -- Insights -- Essediquadro Training -- Target Users -- Contents and Methods of Use -- Conclusions -- References -- Digital Education to Approach the Affective Domain in Mathematics Learning -- Introduction -- Affective Domain in Mathematics -- Mathematics, Technology, and Affect -- Methodology -- Mobile Apps -- Robotics -- Learning to Drive -- Polygonal Routes -- Arithmetic at a Line -- GeoGebra -- 3D Design and Printing -- Analysis of Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Inquiry-Based Learning Focused on Inclusive Education in Programming of Robots: Challenges, Experience, and Feedback of First Cycle Students -- Introduction.

The analysis of the legislative regulation which determines the rights of children with special needs and regulates their guarantee leads to the conclusion that, on the one hand, defining equal rights to all children to receive education but failing to ensure these rights to children with special needs in a place that is as much as possible close to their dwelling place, their rights to live in the family, to choose education that corresponds to their desire as well as the possibility to socialize with children who have no special needs are violated. Why such statements? They are based on the analysis of the legislative acts of the Republic of Latvia and the education possibilities offered by the municipalities.

"This book discusses ideas, problems, challenges, and solutions for changes in society brought about by technological innovations. Urban society requires smart, innovative, collaborative learning infrastructures that cultivate a learning culture in the context of 21st century education; where learning goes beyond the space and time context and becomes available everywhere by using different smart educational technologies"--

Left-handers have always been surrounded by stigma and controversy, and attitudes toward this group have always been rooted in the ideas and traditions of power relations existing in a given society. Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the retraining of left-handers as it was conducted in Soviet education. The impact of political power on an individual's body-mind interaction is a significant problem in research on the creation of the "New Soviet Man." The teaching of left-handed children in the Soviet Union is a noteworthy example of the totalitarian regime's illusionary endeavors to change human nature. The Soviet education envisaged neither a special attitude nor any particular pedagogical strategies for the work with left-handed children. The Soviet science was based on the anthropological understanding of man as atabula rasa, which made it possible to explain the omnipotence of Soviet pedagogy as well as the unswerving belief that it was possible to educate every child into a true member of the socialist society. The present study provides insight into the disciplining of the left-handed children's bodies and minds using pedagogical tools that was being conducted in Soviet Latvia. ; Kairiarankiams nuolat tenka susidurti su stigmomis ir prieštaringais požiūriais į save, be to, nuostatos apie šią žmonių grupę visada būna susijusios su konkrečios visuomenės galios santykiais ir tradicijomis. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas – aptarti kairiarankių permokymą, kaip tai buvo daroma sovietinėje švietimo sistemoje. Politinės galios įtaka žmogaus kūno ir proto sąveikai yra dažnai nagrinėjama problema tyrimuose apie "naujojo sovietinio žmogaus" kūrimą. Kairiarankių vaikų mokymas Sovietų Sąjungoje yra puikus iliuzinių totalitarinės valdžios siekių pakeisti žmogaus prigimtį pavyzdys – sovietiniame švietime nebuvo nei atskiros prieigos, nei konkrečių pedagoginių strategijų ugdant kairiarankius vaikus. Sovietinis mokslas buvo grindžiamas antropologiniu žmogaus, kaiptabula rasa, supratimu, leidžiančiu paaiškinti sovietinės pedagogikos visagalybę, ir nepajudinamu įsitikinimu, kad iš kiekvieno vaiko galima išugdyti tikrą socialistinės visuomenės narį. Šis tyrimas supažindina su sovietinėje Latvijoje vykusiu kairiarankių vaikų kūno ir proto disciplinavimu pasitelkiant pedagogines priemones

Personnel working in institutional care have the important role of providing for the development of children who have experienced the trauma of being separated from their families. Personnel need to be emotionally responsive, able to form consistent, trusting, and long-term relationships with children, believe in them, support them in continuing education, and have high expectations for them. Despite these facts, there is no Latvian legal requirement for personnel working in institutional care to have a pedagogical education. This article describes the implementation of two professional in-service training programs: "Promotion of Positive Behaviour in Children with Institutional Care Experience" and "Social Emotional Development" in one children's home-shelter and the effects of the programs at the level of personnel, children, and organization.

International audience ; The first fundamental principle of the Magna Charta Universitatum (1988) states that universities are autonomous institutions that produce, examine, appraise and hand down culture through research and teaching. This principle defines universities as autonomous in creating and organizing study programmes and scientific research, among other things, and the laws and regulations of the countries involved in the Bologna Declaration only regulate cooperation between higher education institutions and state institutions in order to harmonize university autonomy with the interests of society and the state. The existing cooperation determined the willingness of the authors of this study to identify the main trends in the development of the digitalization of higher education institutions in normative documents, which were analysed using qualitative data analysis methods such as a graphical organizer and inductive qualitative content analysis. At present, digitalization is rapidly transforming both the physical and social environments and has also exerted significant pressure in the sphere of higher education. Many scholars, including the European University Association (EUA), conclude that digitalization of higher education is a major aspect of development, which should be addressed at a national level to develop appropriate digitalization strategies for all European higher education institutions. This article presents the first results of the cooperative research project OSMOZE between France and Latvia: "The gap between political development documents and real practice of digitalization of higher education".

International audience ; The first fundamental principle of the Magna Charta Universitatum (1988) states that universities are autonomous institutions that produce, examine, appraise and hand down culture through research and teaching. This principle defines universities as autonomous in creating and organizing study programmes and scientific research, among other things, and the laws and regulations of the countries involved in the Bologna Declaration only regulate cooperation between higher education institutions and state institutions in order to harmonize university autonomy with the interests of society and the state. The existing cooperation determined the willingness of the authors of this study to identify the main trends in the development of the digitalization of higher education institutions in normative documents, which were analysed using qualitative data analysis methods such as a graphical organizer and inductive qualitative content analysis. At present, digitalization is rapidly transforming both the physical and social environments and has also exerted significant pressure in the sphere of higher education. Many scholars, including the European University Association (EUA), conclude that digitalization of higher education is a major aspect of development, which should be addressed at a national level to develop appropriate digitalization strategies for all European higher education institutions. This article presents the first results of the cooperative research project OSMOZE between France and Latvia: "The gap between political development documents and real practice of digitalization of higher education".

International audience ; The first fundamental principle of the Magna Charta Universitatum (1988) states that universities are autonomous institutions that produce, examine, appraise and hand down culture through research and teaching. This principle defines universities as autonomous in creating and organizing study programmes and scientific research, among other things, and the laws and regulations of the countries involved in the Bologna Declaration only regulate cooperation between higher education institutions and state institutions in order to harmonize university autonomy with the interests of society and the state. The existing cooperation determined the willingness of the authors of this study to identify the main trends in the development of the digitalization of higher education institutions in normative documents, which were analysed using qualitative data analysis methods such as a graphical organizer and inductive qualitative content analysis. At present, digitalization is rapidly transforming both the physical and social environments and has also exerted significant pressure in the sphere of higher education. Many scholars, including the European University Association (EUA), conclude that digitalization of higher education is a major aspect of development, which should be addressed at a national level to develop appropriate digitalization strategies for all European higher education institutions. This article presents the first results of the cooperative research project OSMOZE between France and Latvia: "The gap between political development documents and real practice of digitalization of higher education".

International audience ; The first fundamental principle of the Magna Charta Universitatum (1988) states that universities are autonomous institutions that produce, examine, appraise and hand down culture through research and teaching. This principle defines universities as autonomous in creating and organizing study programmes and scientific research, among other things, and the laws and regulations of the countries involved in the Bologna Declaration only regulate cooperation between higher education institutions and state institutions in order to harmonize university autonomy with the interests of society and the state. The existing cooperation determined the willingness of the authors of this study to identify the main trends in the development of the digitalization of higher education institutions in normative documents, which were analysed using qualitative data analysis methods such as a graphical organizer and inductive qualitative content analysis. At present, digitalization is rapidly transforming both the physical and social environments and has also exerted significant pressure in the sphere of higher education. Many scholars, including the European University Association (EUA), conclude that digitalization of higher education is a major aspect of development, which should be addressed at a national level to develop appropriate digitalization strategies for all European higher education institutions. This article presents the first results of the cooperative research project OSMOZE between France and Latvia: "The gap between political development documents and real practice of digitalization of higher education".

It is necessary to introduce changes in teacher education in order to include the acquisition of competences necessary for the technology-enhanced learning process both organizing the learning process and developing new and innovative didactic means that promote learning as well as using digital technologies that nowadays has become an integral part of any teacher's and university lecturer's competence in the learning process to perform qualitatively their work. Despite the fact that teaching/learning methods used in the education system in the world have been explored, different studies on advantages and shortcomings of these methods have been performed there still are no serious reviews on the effectiveness of applying technology-enhanced learning methods in the contexts and environments of different school subjects. In order to close this gap serious research has been carried out using the latest scientific literature found in Web of Science data basis to work out a scientific review on the effectiveness of applying TEL in the educational environment.

AbstractThe research focused on digital learning environments has identified various challenges for learners, such as technical problems, lack of community, motivation, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Social anxiety is conceptualized as an emotional disorder that may impede achievement in higher education. The project reported here investigates N = 666 students' social anxiety in digital learning environments at four higher education institutions located in Australia, Germany, Latvia, and Turkey. This range of contexts allowed the research to cover a wide variety of cultural and institutional idiosyncrasies. Findings revealed different levels of social anxiety in higher education digital learning environments across countries and their cultural contexts. In addition, gender plays a significant role in social anxiety for peer interactions with female students reporting higher social anxiety than male students. The findings suggest that it is worth tertiary educators pausing to consider social anxiety's role in reducing interactions within digital learning environments. Additional research is required to establish the causes of social anxiety in digital learning environments and, as a result, to develop strategies to minimise its effect.
Graphical Abstract

The relationship between master's thesis work and teachers' professional development has rarely been explored empirically, yet. Drawing upon a larger study, this paper investigates how teachers who were studying for or who have recently graduated from Master of Education programmes offered in five countries – Poland, Portugal, England, Latvia, Romania – perceive the usefulness of dissertation/thesis work for their professional development and how they attempt to use their MA research results in their (future) teaching practice. Results suggest that although most respondents recognized their MA dissertation/thesis work as having a positive impact on their professional development by enhancing their professionalism, personal development and growth, and understanding the relationship between research and practice, they were less confident about the use of MA research findings in their (future) workplaces. These results are discussed in the context of current challenges regarding master's level education for teachers, national governments' educational policies, and the relationship between research, teachers' practices and professional development.

This study investigates the role played by parents as mediators of young children's access and engagement with digital technologies. In Belgium, Germany, Latvia and Portugal, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 families in each country, including one child between 6 and 7 years old. Our findings show that parents of young children mainly play the role of 'gatekeepers' when it comes to facilitating and constraining access to and use of digital technologies. Parents' perceptions of the efficacy of digital technologies as responsible entertainment and as educational tools influence the technologies available at home and accessible to the child. These perceptions in turn impact parents' mediation strategies with regard to children's actual use of digital technologies, with restrictive mediation – of time and less of content – and supervision applied most. The power exerted by parents over access and use may be understood as a limitation of the children's rights. On the other hand, parents are not always concerned with the right of protection as they believe – sometimes incorrectly – that they are in control of the content their children are exposed to.