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The texture of low-carbon low-alloy pipe steel sheet with bainitic structure produced by thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) is studied by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The formation of cleavages during steel failure is related to the presence of ferrite grains with orientation {001} extended in the hot rolling direction. Two possibilities are shown for the formation of regions of easy crack propagation along the product obtained by TMCP. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc. All rights reserved. ; The work was carried out using the equipment of the Laboratory of Structural Methods of Analysis and Properties of Materials and Nanomaterials of the Center of the Ural Federal University. The reported study was funded by the RFBR under research project No. 18-33-00135. We are grateful for the assistance rendered under the Program of Supporting the Leading Universities in the Russian Federation Aimed at Enhancing Their Competitiveness, government order No. 211, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006.

The method of orientation microscopy (EBSD) is used to study the structure and texture of low-carbon, low-alloy pipe steel sheets processed by controlled thermomechanical processing (TMCP). The temperatures of isothermal hot rolling varied. Samples cut from sheets showed a different fracture tendency during mechanical testing. The formation of cleavages (secondary cracks) during failure of steel is related to the presence of ferrite grains with orientation {001} extended in the hot rolling direction. The formation of grains is a consequence of the isothermal hot rolling below the temperature Ac3 at TMCP. ; The work was carried out using the laboratory equipment "Structural methods of analysis and properties of materials and nanomaterials" of the Center of Ural Federal University. The work has been carried with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-79-20006. Authors are grateful for the assistance the program of support for leading universities in Russian Federation for improvement of their competitiveness №211 of the Government №02.A03.21.0006. The authors thank MMK company for support and assistance in organizing the study.

В рамках современной экономико-социологической теории по версиям политико-культурного и властно-ориентированного подходов представляется анализ данных эмпирических и статистических исследований в сфере ипотеки и жилья в кризисной российской экономике. Научная проблема, решению которой посвящена статья, – это противоречия, возникающие в сфере ипотеки и жилья, рассматриваемые в терминах институциональных ловушек. С теоретической точки зрения данная проблема решается на пересечении научных подходов экономической социологии, финансового поведения, банковских решений и макроэкономики в контексте социальной укорененности экономического поведения кредиторов и заемщиков. Цель, которую авторы преследуют в статье, – постараться найти ответы на основной теоретический вопрос: почему современные денежные, ипотечные и кредитные рынки «не справляются» с задачей «стабилизации стоимости благ». Для выполнения цели решались следующие задачи: выявление сущностных, смысловых и содержательных моментов современных денежных, ипотечных и кредитных рынков, которые представляют интересные для экономической социологии типы отношений, т. к. завязаны на доверии одалживающей стороны (кредиторов) и управлении проблемой экономического поведения заемщиков. Практическая актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что сейчас поднимаются вопросы о социальных дефолтах на ипотечных рынках, в частности, о том, что у заемщиков нет возможности платить по кредитам, о росте банкротств, о вступлении с 1 октября 2015 г. в силу закона о банкротстве физических лиц и решении вопросов урегулирования долгов несостоятельного гражданина. В статье демонстрируются «ножницы» между увеличивающимся ростом задолженности по ипотечным жилищным кредитам и стабильному количеству выдаваемых рублевых ипотечных кредитов, что означает институциональную ловушку в сфере ипотеки и жилья в кризисной российской экономике на макро-, мезо- и микроуровнях. ; The article analyses the results of empirical and statistical analysis in the sphere of mortgage and housing amid Russian slumping economy. The analysis is carried out in terms of modern economical and sociological theory using political-cultural and power-oriented approaches. The paper considers institutional traps in modern Russia taken in socioeconomic and sociocultural contexts. The scientific problem of the article is the contradictions arising in the sphere of mortgage and housing considered in terms of institutional traps (lock-in effect) which are understood as inefficient (from the public benefit point of view) social norms of self-sustaining and steady character. From the theoretical point of view, the problem is solved interdisciplinary: in terms of economic sociology, financial behavior, bank solution, and macroeconomics in the context of social embeddedness of creditors and borrowers' economic behavior. The purpose of the article is to find answers to the main theoretical question: why do modern monetary, mortgage and credit markets fail to stabilize «cost of goods». There are some interesting challenge problems: identification of the intrinsic, semantic and substantial moments of the modern monetary, mortgage and credit markets which reflect relation types as they are based on. The article's applicability is caused by the emerging problem of social defaults. It means that borrowers cannot pay on loans. The applicability is also caused by bankruptcies growth, the bankruptcy law of natural persons in Russia coming into effect since October 1, 2015, and the settlement of the insolvent citizen debts. The article shows the «scissors» of increasing debt on the mortgage housing loans and stable quantity of the issued ruble mortgage loans. It means that institutional traps in mortgage and housing work in Russian slumping economy on macro, meso and micro levels.

Scanning electron microscopy with orientation analysis by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method is used to study microstructures and textures formed in the 0.08C-13Cr-3Ni-Mo-V-Nb steel through seamless tube production route: after hot deformation by extrusion; after quenching from various temperatures and subsequent high tempering. It is shown that the martensitic microstructure formed both after hot deformation and after quenching is characterized by the presence of deformation crystallographic texture, which is predetermined by the texture of austenite. The effect of heat treatment on texture, packet refinement, lath width, precipitation of carbides and Charpy impact energy is analyzed. © 2017 Author(s). ; The work was done using the equipment of the laboratory of Structural Methods of Analysis and Properties of materials and nanomaterials of the Collective Use Center affiliated to Ural Federal University. The study was supported by the program of increasing the competitiveness of the leading Russian universities, RF Government resolution No. 211, contract No. 02.А03.21.0006. We are grateful to the TMK company for their support and assistance in organizing the study.

Texture of low carbon microalloyed steel sheets with bainitic microstructure produced by TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlled processing) was investigated using EBSD (electron backscatter dif-fraction) technique. Samples with high and low penchant for fission formation (secondary cracks at the fracture surface) were investigated. Formation of fission relates with the elongated areas of grades which have uniform orientation (001)[110]. Probably the formation of these areas is a result of features of γ → α transformation at different parame ters of TMCP. © 2017, National University of Science and Technology MISIS. All rights reserved. ; Acknowledgements. The work was supported by the Resolution no. 211 of the Russian Government, the contract no. 02.A03.21.0006 and within the public tasks of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the project no. 11.1465.2014/K.