Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The role of the internal political economic factors of the peripheral countries tends to remain largely muted in the analysis of imperialism. To redress this the paper put forwards an articulated conceptualization of imperialism in the context of the postcolonial state of Pakistan by underscoring the significance of domestic political economic factors in mediating and regulating an imperialist political settlement. Imperialist political settlement is mediated by a combination of two interrelated processes—strategic fix and dependency fix. 'Strategic fix' is about addressing actual or perceived political, economic and militaristic challenges --- encapsulating both territorial and capitalist logics of power --- to core countries of the capitalist world system. Whereas, the 'dependency fix' is about preventing a radical progressive restructuring in dominated countries (e.g., Pakistan) to ensure a favorable socio-economic order for the domestic elites. One of the key implications of envisioning imperialist domination as a dialectic of strategic and dependency fixes is that it makes visible the shared interests of Pakistani ruling elites and the imperialist forces of blocking progressive and emancipatory political and socio-economic transformation in Pakistan. Therefore, the paper argues that an effective counter-hegemonic project against imperialism needs to incorporate strategies of progressive radical transformation of a dominated country.

This article forwards the notion of "expulsionary urbanization" to explain processes of urban transformation in Pakistan against the backdrop of neoliberal regime of accumulation. The concept of expulsionary urbanization emphasizes that the production of new urban spaces is predicated on the theft of space, where one segment of the society appropriates space from another. On the one hand, expulsionary urbanization facilitates capital accumulation by creating new gated housing enclaves; on the other hand, it produces spatial estrangement for the marginalized groups. To delineate processes of spatial commodification, the article reintroduces the conceptual category of "subsumption of space" by capital, that is, capital's drive to valorize itself by transforming land into a form of a fictitious capital. JEL Classification: B51, B55, B50, B52, A14

Contrary to neoclassical political economic assumptions, this paper argues that the processes of post-colonial development are embedded within conflict across class lines, and that the state has a central role in mediating these conflicts. In other terms, post-colonial capitalist development immanently produces winners and losers in a society. The Marxian-institutional framework is employed to capture the interplay of class forces and institutions in mediating development outcomes. In addition to formal institutions, this paper also acknowledges the centrality of informal institutions in mutually determining development outcomes in post-colonial societies. For an empirical case study, this paper looks at the historical evolution of Pakistan's economy since its inception in 1947. The post-colonial development in Pakistan is divided into five distinct regimes of growth and distribution. This paper delineates the modalities of interplay between social classes and institutions in mediating processes of post-colonial development in Pakistan.