Suchergebnisse

This book is an innovative comparative study of persons of African origin and descent in two urban environments of the early modern Atlantic world. The author follows these men and women illustrating how their choices and actions placed them at the foreground of the development of Atlantic urban slavery and emancipation

Although Portuguese laws protected women's right to property, the process of succession that followed a husband's death in colonial Minas Gerais often threatened women's economic well-being. Widows of African descent, moreover, were regularly denied custody of their children, having to defer to court-appointed guardians in matters regarding their property and education. In this context, some couples contracted the sale of the dying spouse's meação to the surviving spouse. This understudied strategy of transmission of property empowered widows of African descent to act as heads of household and guardians to their children in ways that were not guaranteed by law.

The Atlantic World was an oceanic system circulating goods, people, and ideas that emerged in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. European imperialism was its motor, while its character derived from the interactions between peoples indigenous to Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Much of the everyday workings of this oceanic system took place in urban settings. By sustaining the connections between these disparate regions, cities and towns became essential to the transformations that occurred in this early modern era. This Element, traces the emergence of the Atlantic city as a site of contact, an agent of colonization, a central node in networks of exchange, and an arena of political contestation. Cities of the Atlantic World operated at the juncture of many of the core processes in a global history of capitalism and of rising social and racial inequality. A source of analogous experiences of division as well as unity, they helped shape the Atlantic world as a coherent geography of analysis.

Dans The Portuguese Empire, 1415-1808: A World on the Move, A. J. R. Russell-Wood note que l'expansion et le fonctionnement de l'empire Portugais au début de la période moderne étaient le produit de la migration et de l'établissement des hommes portugais en Asie, en Afrique et dans les Amériques. Il ajoute que cette histoire était aussi le résultat des circulations, à la fois volontaires et forcées, d'un continent à l'autre ou internes à la colonie, que le Portugal avait organisées. La population d'origine mixte – européenne et indigène ou africaine – qui en a résulté, et qui a été encouragée ou forcée à adopter les lois et les pratiques portugaises dans la conduite de ses affaires, a été à l'origine de la cohérence politique et culturelle qui portait les revendications et les aspirations impériales du Portugal. Cet article reprend la vision de Russell-Wood sur les fondements humains et intimes de l'empire à travers une histoire locale de la ville de Sabará. Il explore la trajectoire de divers ménages mixtes – africains et portugais – pour examiner l'impact de leurs activités économiques, de leurs dynamiques interpersonnelles et de leurs expériences de l'esclavage et de la liberté sur le développement de ce lointain territoire du monde portugais. De plus, au-delà des hommes blancs, il centre son récit sur les femmes africaines ou d'ascendance africaine dont le travail, l'exploitation et la recherche de la liberté ont soutenu les divers processus historiques qui ont fait avancer les intérêts impériaux du Portugal.

Apresentação do Dossiê "História Urbana Global"

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Racial Identities and Their Interpreters in Colonial Latin America -- 1. Aristocracy on the Auction Block: Race, Lords, and the Perpetuity Controversy of Sixteenth-Century Peru -- 2. A Market of Identities: Women, Trade, and Ethnic Labels in Colonial Potosí -- 3. Legally Indian: Inquisitorial Readings of Indigenous Identity in New Spain -- 4. The Many Faces of Colonialism in Two Iberoamerican Borderlands: Northern New Spain and the Eastern Lowlands of Charcas -- 5. Humble Slaves and Loyal Vassals: Free Africans and Their Descendants in Eighteenth-Century Minas Gerais, Brazil -- 6. Purchasing Whiteness: Conversations on the Essence of Pardo-ness and Mulatto-ness at the End of Empire -- 7. Patricians and Plebeians in Late Colonial Charcas: Identity, Representation, and Colonialism -- 8. Conjuring Identities: Race, Nativeness, Local Citizenship, and Royal Slavery on an Imperial Frontier (Revisiting El Cobre, Cuba) -- 9. Indigenous Citizenship: Liberalism, Political Participation, and Ethnic Identity in Post-Independence Oaxaca and Yucatán -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index