Suchergebnisse

Les communications culturelles participent à rendre « visibles » les objets sociaux et contribuent à les inscrire et à en rendre compte dans un contexte social. Ainsi, l'analyse de produits culturels tels que les chansons peut s'avérer pertinente dans une perspective qui viserait à explorer des représentations sociales. Nous avons effectué l'analyse de contenu de vingt-cinq chansons françaises ayant pour thème le cannabis. Les propos véhiculés témoignent d'une expérience pouvant être rapprochée de celle des consommateurs. Autrement dit, ces chansons expriment bien « quelque chose » qui est de l'ordre de la situation sociale du consommateur dans un ensemble complexe qui fait intervenir divers contextes socionormatifs. De plus, l'omniprésence d'un autrui « pensé » et « agi », en référence à l'objet représenté, fait intervenir des processus de croyances de groupe qui permettent de déchiffrer ce qui est de l'ordre de l'intentionnalité de l'oeuvre. L'analyse de communications culturelles comme les chansons se révèle tout à fait pertinente et heuristique pour appréhender de manière contextuelle les formes de savoir de sens commun et pour saisir certains enjeux propres à leur élaboration.

International audience ; Depuis plusieurs années, les compétences psychosociales se trouvent au coeur des politiques de santé publique, en particulier dans le domaine de la prévention. Des interventions de prévention caractérisées comme innovantes, prenant majoritairement la forme de programmes, sont ainsi élaborées en vue de les développer. L'association Maison des Adolescents 13Nord a implanté, en 2015, un dispositif visant le développement des compétences psychosociales en milieu scolaire. Cet article présente ce dispositif et rend compte de son évaluation, à la fois au regard des intervenants de la MDA 13Nord qui l'animent, des professionnels de l'Éducation nationale qui y prennent part et des jeunes qui en bénéficient. L'étude qualitative et l'approche ontologique de type réaliste critique sont mobilisées afin de faire un retour sur les pratiques professionnelles. Les résultats tendent à montrer la complexité du dispositif et de ses conditions de mise en oeuvre par les différents acteurs en présence.

International audience ; Depuis plusieurs années, les compétences psychosociales se trouvent au coeur des politiques de santé publique, en particulier dans le domaine de la prévention. Des interventions de prévention caractérisées comme innovantes, prenant majoritairement la forme de programmes, sont ainsi élaborées en vue de les développer. L'association Maison des Adolescents 13Nord a implanté, en 2015, un dispositif visant le développement des compétences psychosociales en milieu scolaire. Cet article présente ce dispositif et rend compte de son évaluation, à la fois au regard des intervenants de la MDA 13Nord qui l'animent, des professionnels de l'Éducation nationale qui y prennent part et des jeunes qui en bénéficient. L'étude qualitative et l'approche ontologique de type réaliste critique sont mobilisées afin de faire un retour sur les pratiques professionnelles. Les résultats tendent à montrer la complexité du dispositif et de ses conditions de mise en oeuvre par les différents acteurs en présence.

International audience Since the development of the theory of social representations (Moscovici, 1961/1976), many studies have focused on health-related objects. Although the social representation of health has already been studied through a socio-genetic/anthropological approach (Herzlich, 1969), it has never been studied in relation to the central core theory (Abric, 1994). Health is a complex and composite object, but it is also normative and normalised. The aim of this research was to underline the representational content of such an object of social representation. To do so, 120 participants took part in the study. They were asked to complete a verbal association task and the data were processed by using both rank-frequency processing and importance-frequency processing as well as similarity analysis. Findings showed an impact of the method on the centrality hypothesis. Well-being and (absence of) illness appeared as the central elements in the case of rank-frequency processing, while only

International audience ; Depuis plusieurs années, les compétences psychosociales se trouvent au coeur des politiques de santé publique, en particulier dans le domaine de la prévention. Des interventions de prévention caractérisées comme innovantes, prenant majoritairement la forme de programmes, sont ainsi élaborées en vue de les développer. L'association Maison des Adolescents 13Nord a implanté, en 2015, un dispositif visant le développement des compétences psychosociales en milieu scolaire. Cet article présente ce dispositif et rend compte de son évaluation, à la fois au regard des intervenants de la MDA 13Nord qui l'animent, des professionnels de l'Éducation nationale qui y prennent part et des jeunes qui en bénéficient. L'étude qualitative et l'approche ontologique de type réaliste critique sont mobilisées afin de faire un retour sur les pratiques professionnelles. Les résultats tendent à montrer la complexité du dispositif et de ses conditions de mise en oeuvre par les différents acteurs en présence.

AbstractAim(1) To determine the repartition of criteria which can be considered as marks of lack of assent by the child with intellectual disabilities from the dentist's point of view and whether that influences the decision to examine the patient or not. (2) To explain the decision of practitioners and determine the ethical implications of these practices.MethodsAn anonymous and structured questionnaire was distributed online using the scenario of a 9‐year‐old child with moderate cognitive impairment with eight different oppositional behaviours. The practitioners were asked about their perception of the patient's lack of assent and about their decision to perform the dental examination or not.ResultsThe proportion of them who performed a dental examination despite the patient's refusal represented between 13% and 28.8% of the population of respondents.ConclusionThere was an ambivalence among the practitioners who carried out a dental consultation when children were uncooperative. They adopted a teleological point of view. It calls for us to reflect on the ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence.

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual disabilities experience major inequality in the field of oral health, including a higher number of extracted teeth. The literature explains this difference in terms of higher levels of dental disease but does not mention the possibility of inequality in the treatment options offered these children.AimThe aim is to investigate whether the same treatment options are offered by practitioners to children with and without intellectual disability in equivalent clinical circumstances.DesignA scenario involving a clinical dental situation was developed, with one varying parameter: the patient described was a child with or without cerebral palsy.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐nine dental specialists from France and Europe were recruited. A large number of practitioners (68%) chose the same treatment for both patients, but 32% declared modifying the dental treatment planning in the case of the child with cerebral palsy. The most frequently chosen treatment for the scenario of irreversible pulpitis for the child without disability was conservative endodontic treatment (73%) whereas the most frequently chosen treatment for the child with intellectual disability was tooth extraction (54%).DiscussionThese results are discussed in terms of beneficence, fear of restorative failure, lack of guidelines, practitioner experience and the implications for equity in healthcare.

International audience ; Background: Public health is a multidisciplinary activity whose fields of action are acquiring an increasingly broad. The Service de santé des armées (SSA) has always had a culture of public health problems thanks to doctors specialized in the treatment of major diseases. Often involved in public health activities, health professionals nevertheless have a fragmented vision. The objective was to describe the social representations of public health of military healthcare workers.Method: The responders were doctors, nurses, veterinarians and pharmacists practicing in different areas of SSA (caregivers, administrators, policy makers) and were interviewed by telephone. A question of spontaneous evocation on the representations of public health in the army was asked. The overall lexical analysis was performed according to the method of rank-frequency. Categorical analysis was conducted to better understand the whole lexical field use.Results: There were 90 responders. The most salient terms were "prevention, epidemiological surveillance and vaccination". The categorical analysis showed that doctors used a lexical field primarily focused on diseases and risk behaviors, nurses on the specifics of military surveillance and policy makers about the cross-discipline.Conclusion: Public health in the army is mainly represented by epidemiological surveillance and prevention. Given the non-mentioned fields, a strengthening of communication on the current challenges of public health would probably improve adherence of healthcare professionals since public health takes on more and more importance in the development of the national health policy and management of health crises. ; Position du problème: La santé publique est une activité multidisciplinaire dont les champs d'action sont de plus en plus nombreux. Le Service de santé des armées (SSA) a toujours eu une culture de la santé publique grâce notamment aux médecins des grandes endémies. Souvent impliqués dans des activités de santé publique les professionnels de santé en ont pourtant une vision parcellaire. L'objectif était de décrire les représentations sociales de la santé publique des professionnels de santé militaires.Méthode: Les répondants étaient des médecins, infirmiers, vétérinaires et pharmaciens exerçant dans les différents domaines du SSA (soignants, administratifs, décideurs) et ont été interrogés par téléphone. Une question d'évocations spontanées portant sur les représentations de la santé publique dans les armées leur a été posée. L'analyse lexicale globale a été effectuée selon la méthode des rang-fréquence. Une analyse catégorielle a été réalisée pour mieux appréhender l'ensemble du champ lexical utilisé.Résultats: Le nombre de répondants a été de 90. Les termes les plus saillants étaient « prévention, surveillance épidémiologique et vaccination ». L'analyse catégorielle a montré que les médecins des forces avaient un champ lexical principalement axé sur les maladies et les conduites à risque, les infirmiers sur les spécificités de la surveillance militaire et les décideurs sur la politique de santé et l'organisation des systèmes.Conclusion: L'image de la santé publique dans les armées est représentée essentiellement par la surveillance et la prévention. Compte tenu des champs d'activités non évoqués, un renforcement de la communication sur les défis actuels et la valorisation des activités de la santé publique permettrait sans doute d'améliorer l'adhésion des acteurs à leur mission de santé publique, au moment où elle revêt une importance majeure dans le développement des politiques de santé et dans la gestion des crises sanitaires.

International audience ; Background: Public health is a multidisciplinary activity whose fields of action are acquiring an increasingly broad. The Service de santé des armées (SSA) has always had a culture of public health problems thanks to doctors specialized in the treatment of major diseases. Often involved in public health activities, health professionals nevertheless have a fragmented vision. The objective was to describe the social representations of public health of military healthcare workers.Method: The responders were doctors, nurses, veterinarians and pharmacists practicing in different areas of SSA (caregivers, administrators, policy makers) and were interviewed by telephone. A question of spontaneous evocation on the representations of public health in the army was asked. The overall lexical analysis was performed according to the method of rank-frequency. Categorical analysis was conducted to better understand the whole lexical field use.Results: There were 90 responders. The most salient terms were "prevention, epidemiological surveillance and vaccination". The categorical analysis showed that doctors used a lexical field primarily focused on diseases and risk behaviors, nurses on the specifics of military surveillance and policy makers about the cross-discipline.Conclusion: Public health in the army is mainly represented by epidemiological surveillance and prevention. Given the non-mentioned fields, a strengthening of communication on the current challenges of public health would probably improve adherence of healthcare professionals since public health takes on more and more importance in the development of the national health policy and management of health crises. ; Position du problème: La santé publique est une activité multidisciplinaire dont les champs d'action sont de plus en plus nombreux. Le Service de santé des armées (SSA) a toujours eu une culture de la santé publique grâce notamment aux médecins des grandes endémies. Souvent impliqués dans des activités de santé publique les ...

International audience ; Background: Public health is a multidisciplinary activity whose fields of action are acquiring an increasingly broad. The Service de santé des armées (SSA) has always had a culture of public health problems thanks to doctors specialized in the treatment of major diseases. Often involved in public health activities, health professionals nevertheless have a fragmented vision. The objective was to describe the social representations of public health of military healthcare workers.Method: The responders were doctors, nurses, veterinarians and pharmacists practicing in different areas of SSA (caregivers, administrators, policy makers) and were interviewed by telephone. A question of spontaneous evocation on the representations of public health in the army was asked. The overall lexical analysis was performed according to the method of rank-frequency. Categorical analysis was conducted to better understand the whole lexical field use.Results: There were 90 responders. The most salient terms were "prevention, epidemiological surveillance and vaccination". The categorical analysis showed that doctors used a lexical field primarily focused on diseases and risk behaviors, nurses on the specifics of military surveillance and policy makers about the cross-discipline.Conclusion: Public health in the army is mainly represented by epidemiological surveillance and prevention. Given the non-mentioned fields, a strengthening of communication on the current challenges of public health would probably improve adherence of healthcare professionals since public health takes on more and more importance in the development of the national health policy and management of health crises. ; Position du problème: La santé publique est une activité multidisciplinaire dont les champs d'action sont de plus en plus nombreux. Le Service de santé des armées (SSA) a toujours eu une culture de la santé publique grâce notamment aux médecins des grandes endémies. Souvent impliqués dans des activités de santé publique les ...

International audience ; Background: Palliative care teams face complex medical situations on a daily basis. These situations require joint reflection and decision making to propose appropriate patient care. Sometimes, sedation is one of the options to be considered. In addition to medical and technical criteria justifying the use of sedation, multiple psychosocial criteria impact the decision making of palliative care teams and guide, give sense to, and legitimize professional practices.Objective: The main goal of this study was to explore perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of palliative care teams about sedation practices in a legislative context (Claeys–Leonetti law, 2016; France), which authorizes continuous deep sedation (CDS) until death.Methods: This is a qualitative study using 28 semistructured interviews with physicians and nurses working in a palliative care team in France (PACA region). All verbal productions produced during interviews were fully transcribed and the contents analyzed.Findings: Content analysis revealed four themes: (1) sedation as a "good death," (2) emotional experiences of sedations, (3) the practice of CDS, and (4) the ambiguous relationship with the Claeys–Leonetti law.Conclusions: This qualitative study provides evidence of a form of "naturalization" of the practice of sedation. However, the Claeys–Leonetti law exacerbates differences of opinion between palliative caregivers on sedation and questions the interest of this law for society and palliative care practices.

International audience ; Background: Palliative care teams face complex medical situations on a daily basis. These situations require joint reflection and decision making to propose appropriate patient care. Sometimes, sedation is one of the options to be considered. In addition to medical and technical criteria justifying the use of sedation, multiple psychosocial criteria impact the decision making of palliative care teams and guide, give sense to, and legitimize professional practices.Objective: The main goal of this study was to explore perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of palliative care teams about sedation practices in a legislative context (Claeys–Leonetti law, 2016; France), which authorizes continuous deep sedation (CDS) until death.Methods: This is a qualitative study using 28 semistructured interviews with physicians and nurses working in a palliative care team in France (PACA region). All verbal productions produced during interviews were fully transcribed and the contents analyzed.Findings: Content analysis revealed four themes: (1) sedation as a "good death," (2) emotional experiences of sedations, (3) the practice of CDS, and (4) the ambiguous relationship with the Claeys–Leonetti law.Conclusions: This qualitative study provides evidence of a form of "naturalization" of the practice of sedation. However, the Claeys–Leonetti law exacerbates differences of opinion between palliative caregivers on sedation and questions the interest of this law for society and palliative care practices.

International audience ; Background: Palliative care teams face complex medical situations on a daily basis. These situations require joint reflection and decision making to propose appropriate patient care. Sometimes, sedation is one of the options to be considered. In addition to medical and technical criteria justifying the use of sedation, multiple psychosocial criteria impact the decision making of palliative care teams and guide, give sense to, and legitimize professional practices. Objective: The main goal of this study was to explore perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of palliative care teams about sedation practices in a legislative context (Claeys-Leonetti law, 2016; France), which authorizes continuous deep sedation (CDS) until death. Methods: This is a qualitative study using 28 semistructured interviews with physicians and nurses working in a palliative care team in France (PACA region). All verbal productions produced during interviews were fully transcribed and the contents analyzed. Findings: Content analysis revealed four themes: (1) sedation as a ''good death,'' (2) emotional experiences of sedations, (3) the practice of CDS, and (4) the ambiguous relationship with the Claeys-Leonetti law. Conclusions: This qualitative study provides evidence of a form of ''naturalization'' of the practice of sedation. However, the Claeys-Leonetti law exacerbates differences of opinion between palliative caregivers on sedation and questions the interest of this law for society and palliative care practices. clinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04016038.