Suchergebnisse

This study aims to examine the competitiveness of Indonesian CCO in destination countries and examine what factors influence the competitiveness of Indonesian CCO in destination countries. The analytical methods used in this research were RCA, EPD, and panel data regression analysis. The time period used in this research was 1996 to 2017. The results of the study concluded that Indonesian CCO had competitiveness in the United States, the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and Singapore. RCA index in each destination country showed that Indonesian CCO had a very strong comparative advantage. The EPD analysis showed that Indonesian CCO was in a rising star position in the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and Singapore, while in the United States market Indonesian CCO was in a falling star position. The export volume of Indonesian CCO had positive effect, while trade openness of importing countries and export value of Philippines CCO had negative effect on the competitiveness of Indonesian CCO. The government and CCO exporters need to lobby the destination countries to import CCO from Indonesia, and to convince the destination countries, the quality of the CCO needs to be improved, so that Indonesian CCO will become more competitive than others.

Indonesian government is currently implementing regional development emphasizing on the characteristic and potential strength of each region. This program will be more optimal if conducted based on the introduction of the leading potential along with its use by maintaining the environmental sustainability. This research is aimed to (1) identify the basis/leading and non-basis/non-leading of agricultural sub-sector and its commodities; (2) to classify the pattern of sub-sector growth and agricultural commodities. The data used was time series consisting of secondary data from Anambas Islands Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in accordance with the basic constant price in 2010 and the production value data of agricultural commodity during 2010-2015. The data analysis by Location Quotient (LQ) and Typology Klassen method. The analysis result shows that the sub-sectors of food crops, plantation, and fishery are the basis sub-sector (LQ > 1). The commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, water spinach, spinach, pineapple, banana, coconut, clove, cow (cattle) and kampong chicken are the basic commodities (LQ > 1). According to the analysis of Klassen Typology, the sub-sectors of food crops and plantation crops are included in leading and fast-growing classification (rik > riand Yik> Yi), while the commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, spinach, and coconut are included in the leading and fast-growing commodities.

This research was aimed to determine theforms of the non-tarifbarrier and its impact to the Indonesian shrimp export demand to the European Union (EU), beside the other factors as constructor of demand function. This research used secondary data (lime series) during 23 years (1984-2006): shrimp export volume (Qd), shrimp export price (Px), domestic shrimp price (Pd), crab export price (Pk), exchange rate from the importing countries, and commerce regulations which is peiformed by EU as dummy variables. The data collected from DKP, BPS, Depdag, internet, and other relevant institutions. Peculiarly, the dummy variable grouped into 6 groups: RASFF (DI), contaminant (D2), certain substances & residues (D3), health conditions & food hVf!iene rules (D4), HCCP (D5), and marketinf! standards (D6).This research used the multiple regression analysis model, with the tolerant time (!gg) I year from tfor several dummy variables. Analysis were conducted at 6 markets: UE as a whole, Dutch, United Kingdom (UK), French, Germany, and Belgia and Luxemburg. Testing of the classical assumptions conducted by the econometric criterions is covering the economic and statistic criterions. The estimation of the regression parameters conducted by the smallest square method (ordinarv least SQuare. OLS) and model repaired as the effect of existence of the first order autocorrelation by a comand "auto". The equation model related to the Coob-Douglas model, was transformed into the natural logarithm model in order to easiZv analyzed in package program of statistics.Result of the analysis indicated that the commerce regulations applied by the EU, which its vary to each state, entirely has the negative impact to the Indonesian shrimp export to the UE, except D4 for the UK that shown the positive impact. Several regulations known newly indicated the effect which itsformed into Jgg or its impact is newly felt I year after the regulations enter into force. Thefact strengthen the assumption that applying of commerce regulations by the UE can be the disguised restriction to trade, in this case included to the non tarifbarrier. The sixth groups of the regulationswere very related to the food security and traceability aspect, or in its bearing with the WTO agreements were very related to the SPS and TBT aspect. This invention also strengthen the assumption that non-tarif barrier which newly developed by the advanced countries to control the importation from the other countries were deal with the food security and traceability aspect, or the SPS and TBT aspect. The quantitative non- tarif barrier, example import quota or embargo, were rarer in used. Ap-parently, the EU doesn't wishtoooutspokenin theeffort to control its commerce with the other countries.Realizedor not, in thepresentnon-tarif barrier haveimportantposition to determinewhetheror not thefluent of theinternational trade

Feasibility analysis/study is a way to determine the feasibility of the business in terms economic , technical, and financial. The result of this analysis can give benefit as a guide for entrepeneurs, farmers, government to etermine the investment decision. This research/thesis aim to examine the aloes processing aspect, such as: production, managerial, commercial, economic value, environmental impact the aloes marketing chain, and analyze the feasibility of pig aloes processing of Asmat district.This study uses financial analysis, including : Net Present Value (NPV), Net B/C Ratio, Internal Rate Of Return (IRR), Break Event Point (BEP), Payback Period (PP), Sesitivity analysis was also performed, considering the uncertainrty in the parameters and cultivation analysis as comparison of aloes business in nature exploitation.The result of this study show that business of aloes pig processing of Asmat is feasible. If the business activity was conducted in Asmat district with an estimate investment costs increased by 200% the business is feasible. It is recommended to carry out does cultivation in order to preserve the forest, aloes host tree preservation, and sustainability of the aloes processing business.

This research was aimed: (1) to measure market intionegration of minyak sawit in the various Indonesia, Malaysia dan Rotterdam; (2) to measure the integration between minyak sawit markets and the substitution markets of minyak sawit ( world market of soybean oil, world market of sunflower oil, world market pf rapesseed oil); and (3) to analyze the leading market of minyak sawit. This research was basd on monthly orice data from 1999 t 2008, taken from World Bank. Market integration was analyzed by using Eagle and Granger model of c-integration. Granger causality test was used to measure the leading market. The result showed that Indonesian minyak sawit market is integrated strongly with minyak sawit market in Malaysia and Rotterdam. Malaysian minyak sawit market isintegrated weakly with Rotterdam minyak sawit market. The analysis of co-integration showed that there were integration between minyak sawit market and substitution markets of minyak sawit. Minyak sawit market also is integrated with the petroleum oil market. Granger causality test showed that Malaysian minyak sawit market was leading to other minyak sawit market. The last, this research suggested that increasing quality control, monitoring behavior of minyak sawit price in the Malaysia and Rotterdam market, and supporting government policies might be needed to increase Indonesian minyak sawit price.

Watermelon Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb) is an important commercial fruit crop in ASEAN. One way to improve economic growth is through trade and comparative advantage. There are very some researches regarding with comparative advantage of watermelon trade in ASEAN. The purpose of this article is to determine the comparative advantage of watermelon trade in five ASEAN member countries. This article uses secondary data only. Watermelon trade data covering the six years period 2014-2019 were obtained from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database. This article applies the original index of the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) to find out the level of comparative advantage of watermelon commodity. Results show that Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Myanmar and Viet Nam have a comparative advantage of watermelon trade in the global market. This study suggests that ASEAN 5 member nations should try to maintain its comparative advantage of watermelon exports in the international market.

Trade liberalization is currently demanding every country to increase the competitiveness of its products. Indonesia as the largest clove producer in the world has a major competitor in the international market. This study aims to determine the competitiveness of Indonesia's clove exports and competing countries in the international market and determine the factors that affect its competitiveness. The data used in this study are secondary data from five major producing countries namely Indonesia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, and Comoros during the period 2000-2017 sourced from UNComtrade, FAO and the World Bank. Competitiveness is measured by Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Acceleration Ratio (AR) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) while the factors that affect competitiveness are used panel data regression methods using E-Views software. The results showed that Indonesia had the lowest RCA index, the AR value showed Madagascar and Tanzania were able to capture market share in the international market and the EPD value showed that all countries occupied the rising star position except Sri Lanka in the falling star position. Panel data regression analysis results show that the market share and GDP variables significantly influence the competitiveness of the main clove producing countries while the production variables and export prices do not significantly influence the country's competitiveness. The government must dare to take policies to limit clove imports and increase exports.

This study aims to determine the competitiveness of clove commodities in Tolitoli Regency in terms of competitive and comparative advantages and to determine the impact of government policies on the sustainability of clove farming in Tolitoli Regency. The method of determining respondents using a simple random sampling method and obtained as many as 87 samples of clove farmers. The data analysis method used is the Multi-Period PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). The results of this study indicate that the clove commodity in Tolitoli Regency has competitiveness in terms of competitive and comparative advantages with a PCR value of 0.415 and DRCR 0.412. The impact of government policies on the output of clove farming in Tolitoli is protective against farming systems with an NPCO value of 1.088, but tends to be weak. While on the other hand, the impact of government policies on clove farming inputs is unprotective with an NPCI value of 1.061, meaning that farmers have not received positive incentives from the current input subsidy policy. The impact of government policies on input-output as a whole is protective and provides positive incentives to farmers, but the value of the coefficient shows the level of protection that is still relatively weak and very vulnerable if there is a change in policy. The regional government is expected to provide protection to clove farmers in the form of setting the cost of clove purchases and also to exercise strict supervision of cartel practices in the clove trade system.

Seaweed is one of the prospective cultivated marine commodity that supports fisheryrevitalization program that is enacted by the government. In the downstream, thegovernment has made many efforts to increase the value added gain from this commodity. One of the efforts is by enacting a value added tax exemption policy throughGovernment Regulation about Import and/or Refferal of Certain Strategic Taxable Goodsthat are Free from Added Value Tax. This policy is enacted to encourage the businessworld especially in agriculture, where it is needed to give easier tax facility byestablishing agricultural products that are Taxable Goods. The purpose of this research isto analyze the influence of value added tax exemption policy that is enacted to domesticseaweed processing industry, towards Indonesia's processed seaweed export. Indonesiawas the world's biggest seaweed exporter for the last few of years. The government,through its value added tax exemption policy, aimed to encouraged domestic processingindustry to not only exporting seaweed as the raw materials but also to export processedproducts that have added value. The model used in this research was Error CorrectionModel (ECM). This research found that value added tax exemption policy has positiveand significant influences towards processed seaweed export in the long and short-run.This show that the government's policy in relation to value added tax exemption waseffective in increasing exports.

In protecting and empowering the farmers, farmers group, and farmers group association (Gapoktan) from falling prices of grain and rice at harvest time and food accessibility problems, the government through the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Agency implemented the Strengthening the Institutions of Community Food Distribution Program (Strengthening-LDPM). This research was aimed to analyse the level of efficiency and to identify factors influencing the efficiency of Gapoktan in implementing the Strengthening-LDPM by involving 40 Gapoktan post-independence. The data used in this research were primary and secondary data, drawn from stockopname reports in 2014. This research used DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) analysis, assuming that CRS (Constant Return to Scale) and VRS (Variable Return to Scale) using output-oriented assumptions. In addition, factors affecting the efficiency were analysed using multiple regression OLS (Ordinary Least Square). Based on DEA-CRS approach, as much as 37.5% Gapoktan were efficient and 62.5% Gapoktan were inefficient. Whereas with the approach of the DEA-VRS, 50% Gapoktan were efficient and 50% Gapoktan were inefficient. The average age of Gapoktan board, total volume of grain or rice sales, total volume of food reserve, and total loan interest affect significantly in increasing the efficiency of Gapoktan in running the strengthening-LDPM Program.

This research aimed at examining: (1) rice supply adjustment for the long-term equilibrium (2) the impact of the government's policies on rice grain purchasing price to the rice supply, (3) and factors influencing the long-term and short-term rice supply in the rice-producing regions in Indonesia. This research used the panel data regression with the error correction model approach. The data were the yearly time series data of 1987 through 2008. The resultsshowed that (1) the rice supply adjustment for the long-term equilibrium was at 68%, (2) in the long term, the government's policies on rice grain purchasing price reduced the rice supply, (3) in the long term, the rice retail price, the rain fall, and the technology had a positive influence on the rice supply, while the cassava and soybean prices had a negative influence. In the short term, the rice retail price and technology had a positive influence, while thecassava and soybean prices and the monetary crisis dummy had a negative influence to the rice supply in the rice-producing regions in Indonesia. KEY WORDS: rice supply, error correction model, panel data, Indonesia

One of government interventions to encourage the improvement of agriculture sector output is through fiscal policy in the form of government spending. Total government expenditure in provincial aggregate is used as government spending. The availability of fiscal decentralization policy provides an opportunity for the provincial government to manage the government expenditure allocation. This research aims to discover the influence of fiscal policy in Java by using the government expenditure variable and to find the influence of foreign investment, domestic investment and agricultural labor absorption toward GRDP of agriculture subsectors. This research used regression analysis of cross section SUR fixed effect panel data. The results indicate the total expenditure having significant positive effect towards GRDP of agriculture subsectors are the subsectors of food crops, plantation, livestock and fishery. Forestry subsector cannot be analyzed further because the error is not normally distributed. The absorption of labor in agriculture sector has significant negative effect towards plantation and livestock subsectors. The foreign investment has significant positive effect towards livestock subsector and domestic investment has negative significant influence towards GRDP of food crops subsector. The provincial government needs to support agriculture subsectors by allocating expenditure that will increase GRDP of agriculture subsectors and increasing foreign direct investment and domestic investment to agriculture subsectors.