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This paper explores the relationship between organizational behavior, leadership styles, organizational culture, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) outcomes by synthesizing relevant academic literature and real-world case studies. The growing emphasis on CSR in the business environment has led to a greater understanding of the intricate connections between an organization's internal processes and its capacity to deliver effective CSR initiatives. The primary objectives of this study are to identify key indicators of successful CSR initiatives, examine the role of leadership styles in driving CSR performance, and analyze the impact of organizational culture on CSR outcomes. The findings reveal that employee engagement, ethical organizational culture, and committed leadership significantly influence CSR performance, while the case studies demonstrate how organizations with strong cultures of social responsibility can achieve successful CSR initiatives and create lasting positive impacts on society and the environment. This study explores the relationships between organizational behavior, leadership, culture, and CSR performance (Aguinis & Glavas, 2012; McWilliams & Siegel, 2001), providing insights and recommendations for enhancing CSR initiatives and their societal impact. The research method applied involved a comprehensive literature review, analyzing and synthesizing academic publications and real-world case studies to explore the relationships between organizational behavior, leadership styles, culture, and CSR outcomes. By providing valuable insights and recommendations, this paper aims to guide organizations in enhancing their CSR performance and contributing to a sustainable future for all stakeholders.

The conservation history of Kaziranga National Park has traversed many a path since it was first recognised as a 'game sanctuary' in 1916. The unique aesthetics and richness of its biodiversity, severely afflicted by natural and anthropogenic interventions now and then, has necessitated conservation of this wildlife reserve. An outcome of the conservation process pertains to disruptions in livelihood of the local communities, that have for generations, used the park's natural resources and therefore, had become a part of its natural evolution. Hundreds of people have lost their livelihoods and violent confrontations have become a typical scene, with the communities being utterly left out of the conservation process. In this light, the present essay envisages discussing the centrality of community participation in the conservation of Kaziranga National Park vis-à-vis a conjugation of the conservation process and livelihood aspirations of the local people.

In remote user authentication, a server confirms the authenticity of a user via unreliable channel. Several authentication protocols are devised in the literature relied on the identity, password and biometric of a user. But, most of the authentication protocols are either computationally expensive or not-secure from several kinds of malicious threats. In this document, the authors have suggested a secure and robust three-factor (such as password, smartcard and biometric) based authentication scheme by using RSA cryptosystem. The proposed protocol is validated through BAN logic. Then, formal security analysis using random oracle model shows that the identity, password, biometric and session key are highly secure from an adversary. Besides, the informal security analysis of our protocol proves that it withstands to several kinds of malicious attacks. In addition, performance comparison of presented scheme with respect to other schemes is comparatively suitable in the context of communication and computation costs.

India has gradually increased its testing capacity of COVID-19 by mid-September 2020. However, the level of testing is substantially low in comparison with many high- and middle-income countries. Evidently, the pandemic in India is likely to be prolonged and affect millions in comparison to other countries, due to its huge population size. The possibility of a sudden upsurge of infections may turn overwhelming, jeopardising the health system, if an appropriate testing policy is not immediately adopted, given that the public health expenditure capacity of India has remained at a suboptimal level. Against this backdrop, a descriptive analysis has been carried out using the published data of the number of infections, tests and daily COVID-19 cases and public health expenditure data published by different sources and available in the public domain. The analysis suggests that a differential strategy is required to deal with the situation, which varies across states and depends upon the health spending capacity of individual states and their population size, among other factors. The specific strategy recommendations would be as follows. First, the testing rate should not be too high or too low, and this can be assessed using a marker: marginal return on testing. Second, India should follow the upper-middle-income-country standard in assessing the testing rate. Third, as a long-term strategy, there is a need to strengthen the public health system to avert a future catastrophe in the form of such pandemic.

For the survival of all forms of life, procreation is essential. However, natural procreation is not always scientifically possible. As such, the practice of surrogacy and the use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques have become more widely recognised and accepted in societies all over the world. However, various complex and controversial issues are bounded in such practices. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 introduced by Government of India makes an attempt to eradicate some of those issues associated with surrogacy.
Nevertheless, the legislation seems to be in derogation to the Constitution of India and universal human rights. This study is designed to substantiate in detail the right to be a surrogate in light of the constitutional mandate along with an evaluation of the eligibility criteria to be a surrogate and its consequences with regard to the existing legal framework. Besides, the economic perspective of exploitation of surrogates via banning of commercial surrogacy has been briefly discussed. The discussion under this study is expected to put forward an essential perspective to the right to be a surrogate in relation to a woman's right to life and personal liberty. Further, prohibiting commercial surrogacy may push practicing surrogates towards other economically unrewarding, poorly regulated and potentially hazardous forms of employment or even make them subject to human trafficking. Therefore, recognition of the right to be a surrogate vis-à-vis the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019, would help in avoiding blatant miscarriage of universal justice while upholding the supremacy of the Constitution of India.

For the survival of all forms of life, procreation is essential. However, natural procreation is not always scientifically possible. As such, the practice of surrogacy and the use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques have become more widely recognised and accepted in societies all over the world. However, various complex and controversial issues are bounded in such practices. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 introduced by Government of India makes an attempt to eradicate some of those issues associated with surrogacy. Nevertheless, the legislation seems to be in derogation to the Constitution of India and universal human rights. This study is designed to substantiate in detail the right to be a surrogate in light of the constitutional mandate along with an evaluation of the eligibility criteria to be a surrogate and its consequences with regard to the existing legal framework. Besides, the economic perspective of exploitation of surrogates via banning of commercial surrogacy has been briefly discussed. The discussion under this study is expected to put forward an essential perspective to the right to be a surrogate in relation to a woman's right to life and personal liberty. Further, prohibiting commercial surrogacy may push practicing surrogates towards other economically unrewarding, poorly regulated and potentially hazardous forms of employment or even make them subject to human trafficking. Therefore, recognition of the right to be a surrogate vis-à-vis the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019, would help in avoiding blatant miscarriage of universal justice while upholding the supremacy of the Constitution of India.

In this paper, the authors have presented a (n, n) extended visual cryptography scheme where n numbers of meaningful shares furnish a visually secret message. Initially they have converted a grayscale image into binary image using dithering method. Afterwards, they have incorporated pixel's eight neighboring connectivity property of secret image during formation of meaningful shares. The scheme is able to generate the shares without extending its size. This approach has enhanced the visual quality of the recovered secret image from n numbers of shares. The scheme has been tested with some images and satisfactory results are achieved. The scheme has improved the contrast of the recovered secret image than a related (n, n) extended visual cryptography scheme.