Suchergebnisse

About the Authors -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives in Pursuit of a Sustainable Society -- Chapter 2 Overview of Hometown Tax Donation and the Challenge It Poses to Municipal Administration—Paradigm Shift in Municipal Administration: Incorporating Management Perspectives -- Chapter 3 Effects of Fostering Local Businesses and Measures for Enhancing Business Capabilities: —Based on Case Studies on Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers -- Chapter 4 1 With a View Toward Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship—Based on Data Analysis and Survey Research of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers -- Chapter 5 Prospects for Regional Financial Institutions to Enhance Their Roles Through Hometown Tax Donation—Current State of Lending by Regional Financial Institutions and of Intra-regional Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration.-Chapter 6 1 Regarding Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement and Increase Associating Populations—Implications from Various Measures Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation -- Chapter 7 The Role of Social Finance in Resolving Regional Issues—Recent Trends in Japanese Civic Crowdfunding -- Chapter 8 Implications for Regional Development Drawn from the Hometown Tax Donation System—Aiming to Produce Regional Entrepreneurship.

This book discusses the concepts, types, models, and patterns of Japan's Hometown Tax Donation Payment system, to provide a clear picture of this newly developed unique and innovative fund-raising tool used by municipalities. It also sheds light on the influences that reciprocal gifts provided by each municipality to donors have on local economies by reviewing empirical works and surveys targeting local business owners and local financial institutions. A distinguishing feature of the book is that it introduces a new social finance mechanism that is unique to the Japanese market and could provide policy implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as regional development. Furthermore, the book explores the efficacy of the demand–pull approach to support-strengthening SMEs, especially in rural areas. Finally, the book identifies some lessons learned from the system with a view toward advancing research on this phenomenon and making the system efficient and sustainable. As a whole, the book can provide ample benefits to novices, academics, researchers, and policymakers interested in Hometown Tax Donation Payment, an innovative social finance tool. This is an open access book.

A considerable amount of research has shown that a carbon tax combined with research subsidies may be regarded as optimal policy for encouraging the spread of low-carbon technologies for the benefit of society. The paper exploits the macroeconomic approach of endogenous growth models with technological change in order to make a comparative assessment of the impact of such policy measures on economic growth in the US and Japan in the medium and long term. Our estimates reveal several important differences between Japanese and US energy firms: lower elasticity of the innovation production function in R&D expenditure, lower probability of radical innovation, and predominance of dirty technologies in Japan. This may explain our quantitative findings of stronger reliance on carbon tax in Japan as opposed to research subsidies in the US. ; Eine substanzielle Anzahl an Studien hat gezeigt, dass eine CO2-Steuer in Kombination mit Subventionen für die Forschung ein optimales Instrument der Politik sein kann, um durch die Verbreitung von kohlenstoffarmen Technologien die Wohlfahrt der Gesellschaft zu verbessern. In dieser Studie werden endogene Wachstumsmodelle unter Berücksichtigung technologischen Wandels auf makroökonomischer Perspektive eingesetzt, um eine vergleichende Bewertung der Auswirkungen solcher Politikinstrumente auf das mittel- und langfristige Wirtschaftswachstum der USA und Japan vorzunehmen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen mehrere substanzielle Unterschiede zwischen US-amerikanischen und japanischen Energiekonzernen: geringere Elastizität der Innovationsproduktionsfunktion in den Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben, geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit von radikalen Neuerungen und Dominanz des Einsatzes 'dreckiger' Technologien in Japan. Dies kann unsere Ergebnisse in Bezug auf das stärkere Vertrauen auf CO2-Steuern in Japan im Gegensatz zu dem Vertrauen auf Forschungszuschüsse in den USA erklären.