Suchergebnisse

Introduction. Currently, in the context of the ongoing coronavirus pan­demic, major changes are taking place, including in the scientific and technical area. The law, as a social institution, also undergoes trans­formations determined by internal and external factors. However, such changes, as a result of which the legislation changes, do not always fully reflect the dynamics and orientation of social processes. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify important changes in the Russian legislation in the scientific and technical area for 2021. The subject of the study is the main changes in the Russian legislation in the field of science and innovation that occurred in the period from January to December 2021. Monitoring Tools. The methodological basis is the dialectical method. The study employs general scientific (analytical, systematic, functional), special-purpose (sociological), and specific scientific (formal legal, the method of interpretation of legal rules) methods. The materials collected as part of the analysis are con­ditionally divided in this article in the following areas: public adminis­tration in the scientific and technical field, state policy in the scientific, technical and innovative areas, the results of intellectual activity in the scientific and technical field and the organisation of the activities of the scientific field and the field of higher education. Results. The anal­ysis of legislative changes carried out in these areas will be useful both for lawyers who apply these laws, and for researchers or teachers of higher education who encounter the provisions of the regulations in question in their professional activities. Conclusion. Based on the re­sults of this article, it is concluded that most of the changes that have affected the scientific and technical sphere relate to changes in by-laws that specify the norms of laws, taking into account the decisions made by the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The purpose of this monitoring is to collect and analyze the main changes that have occurred in Russian legislation in the areas of research and development and innovation in 2019 and come to a scientific understanding of them. The subject of this research is changes that have occurred in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation over the past year. Monitoring Tools. In the work, general scientific (analysis, system-structural, functional), special (concrete sociological), and private scientific (formal legal method of interpretation of the rule of law) meth- ods are used. Results. The materials collected in the framework of the analysis in this article are conditionally divided into the following areas: 1) change in the functionality of government bodies and the organization of the area of research and development; 2) R&D and innovation policy; 3) intellectual property in the area of R&D; 4) science and education. An analysis of legislative changes in these areas will be useful both for law- yers who apply these laws and for researchers who are faced with the effect of such laws in their professional activities. Conclusion. Based on the results of this article, it is concluded that most of the changes that affected the area of research and development during the considered period relate to changes in by-laws which clarify the norms of laws, taking into account the decisions adopted by the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation. ; For citation: Dashkova MO. The Main Changes in Russian Legislation in the Area of Research and Development for 2019. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2020; 15(1):72-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-1.72-91

Introduction. The purpose of this monitoring is to collect, analyse, and subsequently compare the legal mechanisms aimed at harmonising policies on science, technology and innovation in foreign countries and the Russian Federation. The study focuses on the mechanisms of harmonising government policies on science, technology and innovation that are applied abroad (specifically in India, Norway, Switzerland and Australia) and in the Russian Federation. Monitoring Tools. The study employs general scientific methods (analytical, systematic, functional) and specific scientific methods (the formal legal method, interpretation of legal rules). Results. The materials collected while preparing this paper paint a picture of the tools that are used around the world (in countries like India, Norway, Switzerland and Australia in particular) to harmonise government policies on science, technology and innovation. Looking at each of the countries listed, we examine the essential legal and regulatory documents, including strategic programme documents, used as basis for making decisions on taking specific measures in the field, as well as the powers of the relevant competent bodies. We also analyse similar regulations and mechanisms that exist in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Our study results in determining the most successful examples of foreign mechanisms aimed at harmonising government policies on science, technology and innovation, which can be potentially borrowed in the Russian Federation. These insights can be used by lawyers and research associates as part of their professional and scientific activities in the field of legislation on science, technology and innovation. ; For citation: Dashkova MO, Vok MG. Comparison of Legal Mechanisms Aimed at Harmonising Policies on Science, Technology and Innovation in Foreign Countries and the Russian Federation. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2021;16(4):541-570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2021.16-4.541-570