Suchergebnisse

L'histoire cherche à combiner des descriptions particulières dans des cadres généraux dans le but d'expliquer des séquences d'événements. Dans cet esprit, l'histoire adopte une approche transdisciplinaire qui couvre une variété de champs allant de la biologie à la géologie, en passant par l'anthropologie et l'histoire humaine. Je cherche à caractériser ce cadre métahistorique général comme exemple d'une dynamique complexe, évolutionniste et généalogique. Cela suppose quelques travaux particuliers sur les modes de transmission d'information, les niveaux des fonctions de système, l'identification multiple, les variables causales et sur les moyens de démêler les événements contingents des processus réguliers qui filtrent ces événements.

Institutions have been described as 'the humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic, and social interactions.' This broad definition of institutions spans social norms, laws, companies, and even scientific theories. We describe a non-equilibrium, multi-scale learning framework supporting institutional quasi-stationarity, periodicity, and switching. Individuals collectively construct ledgers constituting institutions. Agents read only a part of the ledger-positive and negative opinions of an institution-its "public position" whose value biases one agent's preferences over those of rivals. These positions encode collective perception and action relating to laws, the power of parties in political office, and advocacy for scientific theories. We consider a diversity of complex temporal phenomena in the history of social and research culture (e.g. scientific revolutions) and provide a new explanation for ubiquitous cultural resistance to change and novelty-a systemic endowment effect through hysteresis.

"It is no longer possible to ignore the connections and interdependencies among ecosystems, health and disease, behavior, technology, and myriad other facets of social and economic life. Synthesizing the experiences and perspectives of SFI's broader research community during the COVID-19 pandemic-a novel experience in the digital age-this volume contains both early-stage assessments and reflections composed a year later. Edited by David C. Krakauer and Geoffrey West, The Complex Alternative spans original research as well as essays. It compiles SFI's 2020 Transmission web series, transcripts from COVID-focused Complexity podcast episodes, articles published in Aeon and Nautilus, transcripts of the 2020 Applied Complexity Network symposium, and newly written reflections that muse on the future of complexity science and the broader impact of science in the twenty-first century"--

"Currently, population health science is an integral part of academic curricula around the world. For over a century, the principles of the reductionist paradigm have guided population health curricula, training, research, and action. Researchers continue to draw upon these principles when theorizing, conceptualizing, designing studies, analyzing, and devising interventions to tackle complex population health problems. However, unresolved impasses in delineating and managing pressing population health challenges have catalyzed calls for the integration of complex-systems-science-grounded theoretical, methodological, and analytical approaches into population health science"--