Suchergebnisse

This revised edition updates the post-Keynesian analysis of the earlier edition by providing a greater emphasis on capital movements, the development of regional common markets and the global debt and payments problems spawned in the 1980s. It explains why orthodox economic policies have often failed to achieve their objectives and if they work they do so only by inflicting unnecessarily high costs on society. The civilized policies developed in this volume, on the other hand, can achieve society's goals while enhancing the many benefits of an entrepreneurial economy.

In early-modern Europe, it was not uncommon to use the symbolic languages of the late Renaissance and Baroque to create temporary or permanent decorated environments, either designed as places of meditation and withdrawal, or else as statements of the religious, philosophical or political position of an individual or community. Amongst these, there is a particularly interesting group made for and by early modern women in England, which demonstrate the degree to which women, sometimes as executants, sometimes as patrons or 'devisers', could create or commission complex adornments of spaces, cogent within current symbolic conventions and legible as verbal and visual texts.

The article written by the prominent thinker in Post Keynesian economic theory examines the main contribution to macroeconomics made by the group of scientists aimed at resurrecting the forgotten aspects of J. M. Keynes' legacy. The author considers interrelations between fundamental uncertainty, non-neutrality of money and the role of forward contracts in the economy, thus suggesting an original approach to macroeconomic analysis.

Work-related illnesses and disorders have been a constant aspect of work. Although their nature has changed over time, from musculoskeletal disorders to illnesses related to psychosocial aspects of work, its impact on the life of workers remains significant. Despite significant efforts worldwide to protect workers, the disparity between changes in work legislation and actual benefit for workers' health has been creating a significant economic burden for social security and health systems around the world. In this context, this study aims to propose, test and validate a modular prototype that allows for work environmental aspects to be assessed, monitored and better controlled. The main focus is also to provide a historical record of working conditions and the means for workers to obtain comprehensible and useful information regarding their work environment and legal limits of occupational exposure to different types of environmental variables, as means to improve prevention of work-related accidents and disorders. We show the developed prototype provides useful and accurate information regarding the work environmental conditions, validating them with standard occupational hygiene equipment. We believe the proposed prototype is a cost-effective and adequate approach to work environment monitoring that could help elucidate the links between work and occupational illnesses, and that different industry sectors, as well as developing countries, could benefit from its capabilities.

This report has been prepared by the Ageing Special Interest Research Group of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities (IASSID) in collaboration with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence and the Programme on Ageing and Health, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, and all rights are reserved by the above mentioned organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced or translated in part, but not for sale or use in conjunction with commercial purposes. It may also be reproduced in full by non‐commercial entities for information or for educational purposes with prior permission from WHO/IASSID. The document is likely to be available in other languages also. For more information on this document, please visit the following websites: <http://www.uic.edu/orgs/rrtcamr/index.html> and <http://www.who.int/mental_health>.

This Overview sets a base-line of data on income and wealth inequality in Australia in 2017-18, against which to assess the impact thatCOVID19, high unemployment, and government policies to protect incomes and jobs have on the living standards of different groups in the community.Future reports will closely examine this impact when the data are available. A preliminary analysis of impacts on paid work hours, different population groups and of government payments is included in the Supplementary Report: The impact of COVID19 on income inequality.

The transmission of HIV is shaped by individual-environment inter-actions. Social epidemiologic approaches thus seek to capture the dynamic and reciprocal relationships of individual-environment interactions in the production and reduction of risk. This presents considerable methodological, theoretical and disciplinary challenges. Drawing upon four research case studies, we consider how methods and concepts in the social and epidemiologic sciences might be brought together towards understanding HIV risk as an effect of social, cultural and political condition. The case studies draw upon different combinations of methods (qualitative, ethnographic and quantitative) and disciplines (sociology, anthropology and epidemiology) in different social contexts of HIV vulnerability (street settings in Russia, Serbia and North America and a cross-border setting in Mexico) among a range of marginalised high-risk populations (injection drug users and female and transvestite sex workers). These case studies illustrate the relevance of the social science concepts of structural violence and structural vulnerability for a social epidemiology of HIV risk. They also explore how social epidemiologic work can benefit from the mixing of social science methods and theories. We contend that social epidemiology cannot advance in its understanding of structural vulnerability without embracing and relying upon ethnographic and qualitative approaches. We put -forward the linked concepts of structural violence, structural vulnerability and risk environment as building blocks for a theory-informed social epidemiology of HIV risk among marginalised populations.