Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Introduction -- Part One: The New Opium -- Chapter 1: An Economic Prelude -- Chapter 2: The New Culture of Proliferating Debt and Drugs -- Chapter 3: The New Dissatisfactions of Modern Work -- Chapter 4: The New Back-to-Work Psychological Therapies -- Chapter 5: The New Causes of Unemployment -- Chapter 6: Education and the Rise of New Managerialism -- Part Two: How We Got Here -- Chapter 7: Deregulating the So-Called Chemical Cure -- Chapter 8: Materialism No More -- Chapter 9: Dehumanising Productivity -- Chapter 10: You Only Have Yourself to Blame -- Chapter 11: The Social Determinants of Distress -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes and References -- Index.

Why is psychiatry such big business? Why are so many psychiatric drugs prescribed, and why, without solid scientific justification, has the number of mental disorders risen from 106 in 1952, to 374 today? Psychological therapist James Davies illustrates how psychiatry has put riches and medical status above patients' wellbeing. The charge sheet is damning: negative drug trials routinely buried; antidepressants that work no better than placebos; research regularly manipulated to produce positive results; doctors, seduced by huge pharmaceutical rewards, creating more disorders and prescribi

This article explores barriers to formal volunteering opportunities among young people, aged 12–18, in deprived urban areas in Glasgow, Scotland. It draws on qualitative fieldwork conducted with young volunteers, non-volunteers and youth workers. The article employs Bourdieu's concept of 'habitus' to analyse how objective conditions and subjective dispositions created obstacles to participation. Findings indicate that participants were constrained from accessing volunteering due to: resource issues in youth organisations; a lack of support from schools; a lack of information; and restrictions on their spatial mobilities. These constraints provided conditions in which volunteering became subject to informal penalties. These were not, however, experienced in a uniform manner but intersected with gender and individual trajectories to create varying opportunities for volunteering.

The requirements of a modern guided weapon will be established based on the current and perceived threats at the time the design is commissioned. However the design of a modern guided weapon is a long and expensive process which can result in the weapon entering service only for the original threat to have changed or passed, inevitably inducing a capability gap. The defence budgets of the major military powers such as the UK and USA continue to shrink. As a result the emphasis of military research is being placed on adapting current legacy systems to bridge these capability gaps. One such gap is the requirement to be able to intercept small relocatable, highly manoeuvrable targets. It was demonstrated a number of years ago, that the performance of a legacy weapon against manoeuvering targets could be potentially increased by retrofitting a data link to the weapon. The data link allows commands to be sent to the weapon in flight. The commands will result in the weapon executing one or more manoeuvres which will change the shape of the trajectory. This has the potential to improve the performance of current Advanced Anti-Armour Weapons (AAAW) against manoeuvring targets. The issue which arises from data linking any weapon including an AAAW, is that the ability to shape the trajectory of the weapon will be limited due to the original design parameters of the non data linked system. Therefore in order to obtain the maximum performance increase, the trajectory shaping (retargetting) capability must be efficiently utilised over the duration of the weapon fly out. It was postulated in this thesis that this could be achieved using an integrated fire control system, which would seek to calculate an optimal shaped trajectory. The optimal trajectory should maximise the ability of the weapon to respond to target manoeuvres, thereby improving the probability of a successful intercept occurring. The potential effectiveness of an integrated fire control system was explored by considering the scenario of a generic data linked AAAW which is to intercept a small highly manoeuvrable surface vessel. A total of three integrated fire control systems were developed which calculated the optimal trajectory for different criteria. The first system optimised the weapon trajectory considering multiple predicted target trajectories. Each trajectory had an associated probability. For a given weapon trajectory, the seeker would be able to detect the target at one or more locations along certain predicted target trajectories. The sum of the probabilities associated with the detectable locations represented the total probability of intercept. The weapon trajectory was optimised by calculating the trajectory which achieved the maximum probability of intercept using simulated annealing and simple search optimisation algorithms. The second system optimised the weapon trajectory considering only the most probable trajectory (M.P.T) from a distribution of predicted target trajectories. Appropriate commands were calculated such that a location along this M.P.T trajectory was detectable at some instant in time. The third system presented in this thesis optimised the trajectory considering the maximum probability of intercept initially and then only the M.P.T trajectory later on in the engagement. The three integrated systems and a Fire and Forget system were tested against 80 random target trajectories. In each of the integrated fire control systems, the performance of the AAAW against manoeuvring targets was significantly improved when compared to the Fire and Forget results.

The environment within which humans interact has changed dramatically since the Industrial Revolution. However, their expectations stem from the same hopes and dreams people have had from the beginning of humankind. When Men Revolt and Why encourages readers to look closer and more deeply into the relationships between humans and the institutions that have originated to help them realize their full potential.The contributors not only examine people, but also the need to change institutions that have outworn their usefulness. When institutions inhibit rather than facilitate everyone's desire to live a full life, the result is likely to be violence. This book offers the ideas of many people who have tried to dig deeper into basic causes of violence. Included in this volume are selections by Aristotle, Tocqueville./Marx and Engels, and Brinton. The ideas they espoused still hold vitality.In his new introduction, James Davies talks about the circumstances under which this book was originally published. In Vietnam, a people were fighting for their autonomy. In the United States, many Americans were protesting against American involvement in the Vietnam War. Blacks were marching for their civil rights. Women were fighting for equality. Time has tempered these conflicts.Davies maintains that we remain ignorant of the elemental forces that impel people and nations to resort to violence. We are usually surprised by their anger and shocked by their violence. Davies asserts that we need to learn more about how humans respond to change so as to prepare ourselves for such responses to change. When Men Revolt and Why is as timely as ever as we deal with uncertainty in various areas of the world - the former Yugoslavia, the Middle East, and Ireland, among others. It is especially pertinent for political scientists, historians, and sociologists.

"Global carbon pricing can yield revenues which are large enough to create significant global pro-poor redistributive opportunities. We analyze alternative multidecade growth trajectories for major global economies with carbon tax rates designed to stabilize emissions in the presence of both continued country growth and autonomous energy use efficiency improvement. In our central case analysis, revenues from globally internalizing carbon pricing rise to 7% and then fall to 5% of gross world product. High growth in India and China is the major equalizing force globally over time, but the incremental redistributive effects that can be achieved using global carbon pricing revenues are large both in absolute and relative terms. Revenues from carbon pricing depend on growth and energy efficiency improvement parameters as well as on the price elasticity of demand for fossil fuels"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

This volume looks beyond the distribution of income by examining the assets, debts, and net worth of individuals and households to create a global picture of wealth, its distribution and concentration. Unlike previous studies, this study includes material on a number of transition and developing countries as well as high income OECD countries.

"The purpose of this book is to help close gaps between the areas of political behavior we know well and those we know only slightly. To serve this purpose is to search for origins of political behavior. This makes it necessary to go deeper than is customary into basic mental processes and to range wider in time and space--back to the formative centuries of Western politics and out to parts of the world where the West has not meant the maturation of popularly responsible government so much as it has meant techniques of nonresponsible exploitation and control. The search for origins thus takes us inescapably into the depths of the mind, in the search for common, universal causes of action. My definition of human nature--the behavioral tendencies that are common to the species and rooted in the human organism-is logically incontestable. The tendencies that fit this definition are clearly disputable. In any event, I do not labor the phrase human nature, nor the shibboleth democracy. As the mind relates to pohtics, this book is an attempt to consider what can and cannot be imprinted on the tabula non rasa. To me it seems necessary to do this to understand the origins of political action in the non-Western world. Indeed it seems necessary to do this to understand with more depth why people have developed the sorts of pohtical institutions that prevail in Europe and America"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

The cross-country relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates with previously measured income inequality and poverty in the pandemic's first wave is studied, controlling for other underlying factors, in a worldwide sample of countries. If the estimated associations are interpreted as causal, the Gini coefficient for income has a significant positive effect on both cases and deaths per capita in regressions using the full sample and for cases but not for deaths when Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD sub-samples are treated separately. The Gini coefficient for wealth has a significant positive effect on cases, but not on deaths, in both sub-samples and in the full sample. Poverty generally has weak positive effects in the full and non-OECD samples, but a relative poverty measure has a strong positive effect on cases in the OECD sample. Analysis of the gap between COVID-19 first-wave cases and deaths per capita in Canada and the higher rates in the United States indicates that 37 percent of the cases gap and 28 percent of the deaths gap could be attributed to the higher-income Gini in the United States according to the full-sample regressions.