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MacDiarmid in Montrose / Robert Crawford -- Bunting and Welsh / Richard Caddel -- Antithesis of place in the poetry and life of David Jones / Thomas Dilworth -- 'Shut, too, in a tower of words': Dylan Thomas' modernism / John Goodby and Cristopher Wigginton -- 'Literally, for this': metonymies of national identity in Edward Thomas, Yeats and Auden / Stan Smith -- Reactions from their burg: Irish modernist poets of the 1930s / Alex Davis -- Pound's places / Peter Nicholls -- Wallace Stevens and America / Lee M. Jenkins -- Locating the lyric: Marianne Moore, Elizabeth Bishop and the Second World War / Fiona Green -- 'In the published city': the New York school of poets / Geoff Ward -- Modernism deferred: Langston Hughes, Harlem and jazz montage / Peter Brooker

This article discusses a number of Pound's poetic works, including Homage to Sextus Propertius, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, and selected cantos, in relation to the practice of collaborative translation undertaken by numerous modernist authors. In Pound's case, such collaboration takes the form, in the main, of a creative partnership with poets central to his conception of the 'Tradition', for example, Homer and Propertius. In Pound's hands, the source text is 'made new' for a modernist target culture by means of strategies allied to his development of a poetics of appropriation, beginning with his composition of the Malatesta Cantos, in 1922–23. Pound's collaborative engagement with pre-existing texts, or 'found materials', is compared in detail to the notion of 'translation as displacement' developed in the recent conceptual writing of Kenneth Goldsmith, in particular, his multi-lingual Against Translation. This comparative reading, it is argued, assists in an appraisal of aspects of the politics of The Cantos, specifically the growing anti-capitalism of Pound's epic in the inter-war years.

Current American education is comprised of and influenced by a myriad of complex legislative, technological, and cultural representations of consumption, however this historic-educational study specifically examines how the Reagan administration discursively initiated the consumerizing educational framework. While existing research studies the neoliberal implications on education, this study addresses the neoliberal reforms under President Reagan within the discursive paradigm of its consumerizing impact. By using Critical Discourse Analysis on a selection of Presidential proclamations, speeches, and national educational reports, this study examines and elucidates how the Reagan administration created the consumerizing framework for American education. By understanding the results through the Frankfurt School concept of integration and expanding on Bowles and Gintis' educational theory, this study argues that Reagan's reforms created a consumerizing framework in American education.

In this article, we reflect on some of the personal, professional and political contexts in which Peter Sedgwick wrote PsychoPolitics and the impact that it had on us when we first read it in 1982. In exploring the relevance of Peter Sedgwick's work to the situation faced by mental health service users, survivors, activists and academics in 2015, we consider two topics: first, Sedgwick's critique of the radical libertarian understanding of 'mental illness' developed by Thomas Szasz; and, second, Sedgwick's vision of a 'programme for radical action in mental health'.

Objective: We use signal detection theory to measure vulnerability to phishing attacks, including variation in performance across task conditions. Background: Phishing attacks are difficult to prevent with technology alone, as long as technology is operated by people. Those responsible for managing security risks must understand user decision making in order to create and evaluate potential solutions. Method: Using a scenario-based online task, we performed two experiments comparing performance on two tasks: detection, deciding whether an e-mail is phishing, and behavior, deciding what to do with an e-mail. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the order of the tasks and notification of the phishing base rate. In Experiment 2, we varied which task participants performed. Results: In both experiments, despite exhibiting cautious behavior, participants' limited detection ability left them vulnerable to phishing attacks. Greater sensitivity was positively correlated with confidence. Greater willingness to treat e-mails as legitimate was negatively correlated with perceived consequences from their actions and positively correlated with confidence. These patterns were robust across experimental conditions. Conclusion: Phishing-related decisions are sensitive to individuals' detection ability, response bias, confidence, and perception of consequences. Performance differs when people evaluate messages or respond to them but not when their task varies in other ways. Application: Based on these results, potential interventions include providing users with feedback on their abilities and information about the consequences of phishing, perhaps targeting those with the worst performance. Signal detection methods offer system operators quantitative assessments of the impacts of interventions and their residual vulnerability.

Objective We test the effects of three aids on individuals' ability to detect social bots among Twitter personas: a bot indicator score, a training video, and a warning. Background Detecting social bots can prevent online deception. We use a simulated social media task to evaluate three aids. Method Lay participants judged whether each of 60 Twitter personas was a human or social bot in a simulated online environment, using agreement between three machine learning algorithms to estimate the probability of each persona being a bot. Experiment 1 compared a control group and two intervention groups, one provided a bot indicator score for each tweet; the other provided a warning about social bots. Experiment 2 compared a control group and two intervention groups, one receiving the bot indicator scores and the other a training video, focused on heuristics for identifying social bots. Results The bot indicator score intervention improved predictive performance and reduced overconfidence in both experiments. The training video was also effective, although somewhat less so. The warning had no effect. Participants rarely reported willingness to share content for a persona that they labeled as a bot, even when they agreed with it. Conclusions Informative interventions improved social bot detection; warning alone did not. Application We offer an experimental testbed and methodology that can be used to evaluate and refine interventions designed to reduce vulnerability to social bots. We show the value of two interventions that could be applied in many settings.

Objective We manipulate the presence, skill, and display of artificial intelligence (AI) recommendations in a strategy game to measure their effect on users' performance. Background Many applications of AI require humans and AI agents to make decisions collaboratively. Success depends on how appropriately humans rely on the AI agent. We demonstrate an evaluation method for a platform that uses neural network agents of varying skill levels for the simple strategic game of Connect Four. Methods We report results from a 2 × 3 between-subjects factorial experiment that varies the format of AI recommendations (categorical or probabilistic) and the AI agent's amount of training (low, medium, or high). On each round of 10 games, participants proposed a move, saw the AI agent's recommendations, and then moved. Results Participants' performance improved with a highly skilled agent, but quickly plateaued, as they relied uncritically on the agent. Participants relied too little on lower skilled agents. The display format had no effect on users' skill or choices. Conclusions The value of these AI agents depended on their skill level and users' ability to extract lessons from their advice. Application Organizations employing AI decision support systems must consider behavioral aspects of the human-agent team. We demonstrate an approach to evaluating competing designs and assessing their performance.

Our dangerous times are driving an unprecedented tempo of strategy writing in Canberra. Having barely caught its breath since the AUKUS pathway announcement in March and the release of the defence strategic review (DSR) in ...

AbstractEarly career scientists sometimes observe senior scientists engage in apparent scientific misconduct, but feel powerless to intervene, lest they imperil their careers. We propose a Secure Reporting Procedure that both protects them, when pursuing those concerns, and treats the senior scientists fairly. The proposed procedure is, we argue, consistent with the ethical principles of the scientific community, as expressed in the codes of its professional organizations. However, its implementation will require changes in procedures and regulations. Those efforts will be a small price to pay for protecting the scientific community's integrity and fidelity to its principles. We begin by describing the circumstances motivating the proposal, then sketch its design, and, finally, illustrate next steps in its application in two national settings.

ABSTRACT
Although mobile phone subscription rates in Nigeria have grown significantly since mobile service inception in the early 2000s, over half of the population remains unconnected. As the focus of governments and mobile carriers shifts to driving Internet adoption, mobile phone serving as a facilitating condition for the use of traditional and over-the-top (OTT) services is likely to have multiple implications. Using conjoint analysis, this article presents insight into the impact of access to OTT services on users' demand interrelationship and willingness to pay for mobile services. Critical determinants of user preferences for mobile services in Nigeria are identified and the policy implications for regulators and mobile carriers are considered.

AbstractCatastrophic events, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis, are rare, yet the cumulative risk of each event occurring at least once over an extended time period can be substantial. In this work, we assess the perception of cumulative flood risks, how those perceptions affect the choice of insurance, and whether perceptions and choices are influenced by cumulative risk information. We find that participants' cumulative risk judgments are well represented by a bimodal distribution, with a group that severely underestimates the risk and a group that moderately overestimates it. Individuals who underestimate cumulative risks make more risk‐seeking choices compared to those who overestimate cumulative risks. Providing explicit cumulative risk information for relevant time periods, as opposed to annual probabilities, is an inexpensive and effective way to improve both the perception of cumulative risk and the choices people make to protect against that risk.

Objective We examine individuals' ability to detect social bots among Twitter personas, along with participant and persona features associated with that ability. Background Social media users need to distinguish bots from human users. We develop and demonstrate a methodology for assessing those abilities, with a simulated social media task. Method We analyze performance from a signal detection theory perspective, using a task that asked lay participants whether each of 50 Twitter personas was a human or social bot. We used the agreement of two machine learning models to estimate the probability of each persona being a bot. We estimated the probability of participants indicating that a persona was a bot with a generalized linear mixed-effects model using participant characteristics (social media experience, analytical reasoning, and political views) and stimulus characteristics (bot indicator score and political tone) as regressors. Results On average, participants had modest sensitivity (d') and a criterion that favored responding "human." Exploratory analyses found greater sensitivity for participants (a) with less self-reported social media experience, (b) greater analytical reasoning ability, and (c) who were evaluating personas with opposing political views. Some patterns varied with participants' political identity. Conclusions Individuals have limited ability to detect social bots, with greater aversion to mistaking bots for humans than vice versa. Greater social media experience and myside bias appeared to reduce performance, as did less analytical reasoning ability. Application These patterns suggest the need for interventions, especially when users feel most familiar with social media.