"As a journalist and activist in the 1940s and '50s, Woldeab Woldemariam is acclaimed by Eritreans as the father of their national movement. Surviving numerous assassination attempts, he not only fashioned Eritreans' agenda for liberation but also became the finest writer of Tigrinya, the country's leading language. Woldeab's persistent and principled appeals to the Eritrean leadership for unity, tolerance and democracy enhanced his popular standing but led to his unjust neglect by the national authorities."--Provided by publisher
The success of hydropower projects of Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) can be aligned with the use of construction project management processes, although, the projects have been impacted by issues such as time overrun, cost overrun, poor quality and poor risk management. The aim of this study is to examine the challenges confronting project management practice for the success of hydropower projects in EEP. Research data was obtained by means of using questionnaire and interview. A sample size of sixty-one (61) Ethiopian Electric Power staffs was used for the study. Challenges such as misuse of time, bad management, inability to develop project knowledge and project management methodology, lack of developing integrated project management plan, inadequate project planning, inadequate project schedule management practices and political influence to change project scope and plans were identified as the most challenges confronting the project management processes for the success of hydropower projects of EEP. The study recommended that providing project management competency trainings, strengthening project monitoring and evaluation system, giving focus to the project management challenges, enhancing utilization of project management processes, developing organizational project management system and institutionalizing the project management competence in order to improve the challenges of hydropower projects in EEP.
Background: External quality assessments (EQA) at various level of the health system are very helpful in the identification of possible nonconformance in laboratory. Moreover, it helps develop guidelines for remedial actions to be taken for the improvement of laboratory services with ultimate goal of attaining better health care and patient outcome. Objective: To assess selected government clinical bacteriology laboratories external quality assessment performance and associated factors in Ethiopia from July 2018 up to May 2019. Methods: A cross sectional study design using both a prospective and retrospective data approach was employed among 16 bacteriology laboratories from July 2018 to May 2019. From One world accuracy PT sample provider they obtained seven panel tests: bacterial identification from sputum, blood, eye swab, wound and CSF; throat swab; urine; genital; N. gonorrhoea identification; gram stain; and AST. In addition, four standard bacterial strains were prepared in house and distributed to participant laboratories. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire as well as on-site observation. The collected data was cleaned and analyzed using Stata14.2 and exact logistic regression. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall failure rate of bacterial identification during event two from CSF, blood and Abdominal abscess, was 7/13(53.8 %); from throat culture 8/13(61.5%), from urine 5/13(38.46%), and from genital cultures 8/13(61.5%) from gram staining 7/15(46.6%) and for N. gonorrhea ID the failure rate was 2/14(14.2%). On the other hand, the failure rate from event three were: from sputum, blood and eye swab 14/16 (87.5 %), from urine 7/16(43.8%), from throat 8/15(53.3%), from genital culture 9/16(56.3%), from gram staining 5/16(31.3%) and for N.gonorrhoea ID the failure rate was 7/15(46.7%). The overall AST failure rate of the laboratories during event 2 and 3 were 8/10(80%), and 8/13(62%) respectively. Fifteen laboratories were participated in house prepared PT samples for bacterial ID and AST were the failure rate from pus 1/15(6.66%),sputum 3/15(20%),blood 5/15(33.3%),AST 1/15(6.66%) .The foremost identified contributing factories for unsuccessful PT results includes mis utilization of updated SOPs, no use of McFarland standard, unable to perform internal quality control for Gram staining, culture media, identification reagents, and antibiotic discs (p<0.05). Conclusion: The overall EQA performance of participant clinical bacteriology laboratories was poor. The main associated factors were poor implementation of quality management system such as poor records and documentation, poor internal quality control practices, no regular competency assessment, VII lack of refreshment on basic microbiology training Therefore, continues training and mentorship for laboratories participating in external quality assurance are mandatory.
Background: External quality assessments (EQA) at various level of the health system are very helpful in the identification of possible nonconformance in laboratory. Moreover, it helps develop guidelines for remedial actions to be taken for the improvement of laboratory services with ultimate goal of attaining better health care and patient outcome. Objective: To assess selected government clinical bacteriology laboratories external quality assessment performance and associated factors in Ethiopia from July 2018 up to May 2019. Methods: A cross sectional study design using both a prospective and retrospective data approach was employed among 16 bacteriology laboratories from July 2018 to May 2019. From One world accuracy PT sample provider they obtained seven panel tests: bacterial identification from sputum, blood, eye swab, wound and CSF; throat swab; urine; genital; N. gonorrhoea identification; gram stain; and AST. In addition, four standard bacterial strains were prepared in house and distributed to participant laboratories. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire as well as on-site observation. The collected data was cleaned and analyzed using Stata14.2 and exact logistic regression. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall failure rate of bacterial identification during event two from CSF, blood and Abdominal abscess, was 7/13(53.8 %); from throat culture 8/13(61.5%), from urine 5/13(38.46%), and from genital cultures 8/13(61.5%) from gram staining 7/15(46.6%) and for N. gonorrhea ID the failure rate was 2/14(14.2%). On the other hand, the failure rate from event three were: from sputum, blood and eye swab 14/16 (87.5 %), from urine 7/16(43.8%), from throat 8/15(53.3%), from genital culture 9/16(56.3%), from gram staining 5/16(31.3%) and for N.gonorrhoea ID the failure rate was 7/15(46.7%). The overall AST failure rate of the laboratories during event 2 and 3 were 8/10(80%), and 8/13(62%) respectively. Fifteen laboratories were participated in house prepared PT samples for bacterial ID and AST were the failure rate from pus 1/15(6.66%),sputum 3/15(20%),blood 5/15(33.3%),AST 1/15(6.66%) .The foremost identified contributing factories for unsuccessful PT results includes mis utilization of updated SOPs, no use of McFarland standard, unable to perform internal quality control for Gram staining, culture media, identification reagents, and antibiotic discs (p<0.05). Conclusion: The overall EQA performance of participant clinical bacteriology laboratories was poor. The main associated factors were poor implementation of quality management system such as poor records and documentation, poor internal quality control practices, no regular competency assessment, VII lack of refreshment on basic microbiology training Therefore, continues training and mentorship for laboratories participating in external quality assurance are mandatory.
This research is aimed at assessing the practices and challenges of application of land administration governance principles in urban land development and management in Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-city of Addis Ababa City Administration. The study assessed the problems in applying the land administration governance dimensions (principles). In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, primary and secondary data was collected. Content and literature review was conducted from available scholarly studies, land management manuals and program documents. A conceptual framework was developed from the literature review and qualitative methodology was employed. Survey Questionnaires, interview and document review checklists were used as data collection tools. The qualitative interview and content data was analyzed using narrative explanations. The survey questionnaire responses were analyzed descriptively. The findings of the study revealed that land development and management processes are not transparent to the service users. Weak citizen participation in the land development and management and unequal treatment of clients in the service provision were observed as key problems of applying land administration governance principles. The study also revealed that service users were dissatisfied on the performance of land development and management officials in terms of service delivery per the needs of customers. Based on the findings of the study, the study concluded with the recommendation that concerned government bodies in the land development and management institutions need to improve performance, involve citizens and design systems of transparency in the study sub city. The service provision and the systems in place should ensure equal treatment of customers. Based on the assessment, items of the transparency dimension score is below the cutoff point. So, the perception of respondents had assessed the transparency of the office as unsatisfactory. There are another problems based on observation, service users always make a repeated compliant in relation with service delivery, no conducive work environment, most service recipients came to the office redundantly and waste their time to settle unaccomplished cases, the citizen charter of the office is not in proper function and inconsistencies on interpreting land related legislations.
Taking the importance of good governance in to consideration in a country like Ethiopia, the researcher conducted his research on the title of assessing good governance practices in the ministry of national defense education and training main department with the reference of three selected colleges. The main objective of this study was to assess the application of good governance, satisfaction of the customers and the challenges that occurred during the implementation of good governance in the colleges. The researcher used descriptive survey study to conduct this research and the data were collected through the instruments of questionnaire, interview and document review and then the data which were collected through these methods were analyzed. Based on the analysis conducted using five core elements of good governance namely accountability, transparency, equity, effectiveness and efficiency and customer participation, the strong and weak aspect of implementation of good governance were observed. Based on the failures observed some recommendation were made in order to minimalize or totally avoid the failures. Key word: Good governance, National defense, transparency, accountability, fairness, effectiveness and efficiency and customer participation
Banking in Ethiopia has undergone remarkable changes since 1991 following the change of government. The era of armchair banking has gone. It has become a different ball game in terms of competition and its inherent strategies. This transition eventually brings the Ethiopian banks to be in need of adopting different technologies. The main aim of this study is to assess the impact of Investment in Information technology on performance of commercial Banks in Ethiopia. In order to fulfill the stated objective a mixed approach with an explanatory research design is used. To this end, the researcher relied on consecutive ten years Annual Audited Financial Report and other relevant n documents of selected eight Commercial Banks in Ethiopia using a purposive sampling method for the period 2006 – 2015. The study employed a multivariate regression model using Return on Asset (ROA), as a dependent variable for measuring the financial performance of the selected Banks and six independent explanatory variables of which three IT investment variables ( hardware, software, and IT service) three control variables ( employee efficiency, market concentration, and inflation). Based on a balanced panel constructed ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects, the study finds that Investment on IT services has a significant and positive impact but investment on hardware and investment on software have negative and significant impact which is inconsistent with the researcher's expectation. The remaining variable, employee efficiency had negative and insignificant effect on performance, similarly market concentration has positive insignificant effect and inflation positive and significant effect. The overall results revealed that IT investment have negative significant impact on the financial performance of commercial Banks in Ethiopia. Hence, based on the findings of the study the researcher concluded that, the negative significant relation between IT investment and financial performance is consistent with the productivity paradox theory for commercial banks in Ethiopia. Finally, as indicated in the scope and limitation section this study was only confined to the three IT investment variables . Hence, the study could be further enhanced by including specific variables . Key words: IT investment, Commercial, ix Bank performance, Panel, Ethiopia.
Banking in Ethiopia has undergone remarkable changes since 1991 following the change of government. The era of armchair banking has gone. It has become a different ball game in terms of competition and its inherent strategies. This transition eventually brings the Ethiopian banks to be in need of adopting different technologies. The main aim of this study is to assess the impact of Investment in Information technology on performance of commercial Banks in Ethiopia. In order to fulfill the stated objective a mixed approach with an explanatory research design is used. To this end, the researcher relied on consecutive ten years Annual Audited Financial Report and other relevant n documents of selected eight Commercial Banks in Ethiopia using a purposive sampling method for the period 2006 – 2015. The study employed a multivariate regression model using Return on Asset (ROA), as a dependent variable for measuring the financial performance of the selected Banks and six independent explanatory variables of which three IT investment variables ( hardware, software, and IT service) three control variables ( employee efficiency, market concentration, and inflation). Based on a balanced panel constructed ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects, the study finds that Investment on IT services has a significant and positive impact but investment on hardware and investment on software have negative and significant impact which is inconsistent with the researcher's expectation. The remaining variable, employee efficiency had negative and insignificant effect on performance, similarly market concentration has positive insignificant effect and inflation positive and significant effect. The overall results revealed that IT investment have negative significant impact on the financial performance of commercial Banks in Ethiopia. Hence, based on the findings of the study the researcher concluded that, the negative significant relation between IT investment and financial performance is consistent with the productivity paradox theory for commercial banks in Ethiopia. Finally, as indicated in the scope and limitation section this study was only confined to the three IT investment variables . Hence, the study could be further enhanced by including specific variables . Key words: IT investment, Commercial, ix Bank performance, Panel, Ethiopia.
This is a conference paper. ; The Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) has adopted a new community management structure of rural water supply scheme in 2012. It shifted the responsibility of managing the water facilities from the existed committees, WASHCOs, to WASH Association and Federation and provided legal entity to them. The Kindo Koyesha District with the support of UNICEF has successfully set up the new management structure across the district in the year 2013. A total of 210 WASH Associations for each facilities and 23 Federations who are coordinating the activities of the committees were established. Since the functioning of the new structure in 2013 the district has witnessed improvement in collection and utilization of users' contribution, reduction of non-functional water schemes and improved monitoring and reporting system. However these can only be sustained if continued support is provided from the government at all level and other partners.
