Suchergebnisse

ResumenDurante el periodo 2004-2011 la Administración General del Estado (AGE) ha llevado a cabo una acción en el ámbito de la movilidad urbana sin precedentes en el marco español. Entre los factores que han favorecido esta acción es destacable la influencia de la Unión Europea (UE), frente a la cual el Gobierno Central tiene que desempeñar el papel de mediador entre las instituciones comunitarias y las regionales. Aunque la AGE no tiene competencias directas para actuar en este ámbito de política, ha desarrollado un conjunto de actuaciones que, evitando invadir responsabilidades de los niveles inferiores de gobierno, la han permitido ejercer una acción que la identifican como un agente relevante. Este trabajo lleva a cabo una revisión de esa acción, focalizando en los mecanismos utilizados, con el fin de entender en qué medida podría haber dado lugar a un proceso de transformación de la gobernanza al abrir un espacio de actuación a la AGE en relación a la movilidad urbana, basado en la concertación con las Comunidades Autónomas y las Ciudades. Los resultados a los que se llega permiten afirmar que el papel jugado ha contribuido a consolidar la movilidad urbana como un ámbito de política y ha producido efectos en las administraciones autonómicas y en las Ciudades. Pone de relieve, asimismo, la existencia de limitaciones inherentes a la arquitectura institucional, a la cultura política y a los procesos de toma de decisiones que han cercenado los resultados de la acción desarrollada.Palabras clave: Movilidad Urbana, colaboración, gobernanza, Administración General del Estado (AGE). Abstract:During the period 2004-2011 the General Administration of the State has acted as a relevant stakeholder in the field of urban and metropolitan mobility. Its performance has been driven, among other factors, by the influence of the European Union (EU) as it has to play a role of mediator between the EU and regional institutions. According to the allocation of government responsibilities established by the Spanish Constitution, the Central Government has no direct powers to act in this policy area. As a result it has developed during the period under analysis a number of actions based on mechanisms that preserve the responsibilities of the lower tiers of government. On the basis of this action this work identifies the General Administration of the State as a significant actor in the field of urban mobility during the period 2004-2011. This article undertakes a review of the action developed, focusing on the mechanisms used in order to understand to what extend it could have led to a transformation of the governance that makes possible the action of the General Administration of the State in the field of urban mobility based on collaboration with Regions and Cities. The outputs of the research confirm that the role played by the Central Government has contributed significantly to strengthen urban mobility as a policy area, producing effects on the regional administrations and the cities. Besides, the results highlight the inherent limitations of the institutional architecture, the culture of organizations and the decision-making processes, that have importantly limited the effect of the action developed.Keywords: Urban mobility, collaboration, multi-level governance, central government

Este trabajo lleva a cabo un análisis de la aportación que las dos fases de la Iniciativa Comunitaria URBANde la Unión Europea (UE) han hecho a la práctica de la regeneración urbana en España desde la perspectiva de la Planificación Colaborativa. La adopción de esta última como marco conceptual ha provisto la base teórica desde la que se ha analizado URBAN, a través de la realización de un estudio que ha profundizado en el contexto histórico y el debate teórico desde los que se pusieron las bases metodológicas de este instrumento para afrontar la degradación urbana. El trabajo analiza la materialización de la dimensión colaborativa de los programas URBAN y URBAN II implementados en España. Los resultados alcanzados por los programas, considerados a la luz de la profundización en la práctica de la regeneración urbana del país, han permitido llegar a conclusiones sobre la aportación que la dimensión colaborativa de URBAN ha hecho al contexto español y señalar la línea de investigación que supone la continuación del camino emprendido por la Tesis Doctoral en laAbstract:This work analyses the contribution that the two rounds of the URBAN Community Initiative of the European Union have made to the urban regeneration practice in Spain from the perspective of Collaborative Planning. The adoption of Collaborative Planning as conceptual framework has provided the theoretical base from which to analyze URBAN, through the development of a study that has delved into the historical context and the theoretical debate that laid the methodological foundations of this approach to fight urban degradation. The work analyses the implementation of the collaborative approach in the URBAN and URBAN II programs developed in Spain. The results achieved by the programs, considered in light of the development of the practice of urban regeneration in the Spanish scenario, have led to conclusions about the contribution that the collaborative dimension of URBAN has made to the Spanish context and have resulted in the identification of the line of research that represent the continuation of the path taken by this work and the Thesis in which it is contextualized.Keywords:Urban regeneration / Urban policies / Colaborative urban planning / URBAN Community Initiative / European Union

Cities significantly contribute to climate change while at the same time have government capacity to efficiently act in the fields of mitigation and adaptation. Their climate capacity is being increasingly recognized by international institutions and has been pointed out as crucial in the multi-level government scenario of the European Union (EU). Addressing the challenges of climate change at urban level is a complex issue which requires a holistic approach to strategic urban planning. Understanding why and how cities start action can help to identify the barriers they face when addressing climate change, and how national governments, regions and international bodies can support local authorities in their climate fight. This work aims to contribute to the provision of knowledge necessary to have a better and deeper insight in urban climate action. The study investigates the state-of-art of urban climate plans in two countries, Spain and Italy, which share similarities on many levels (i.e. cultural, geographical, climate vulnerabilities, urban configurations and institutional framework). The research analyses 26 Spanish cities and 32 Italian cities included in the Eurostat Urban Audit (UA), focusing on the actions taken by big and medium municipalities in reducing their contribution to climate change and to become more resilient to changing weather patterns. The results of the analysis show a trend towards an increasing awareness on climate mitigation (highly focused on energy efficiency and the promotion of cleaner energy sources), while adaptation remains an incipient local policy area in both countries. The analysis identifies also the beneficial influence of national and international climate city networks.

Cities significantly contribute to climate change while at the same time have government capacity to efficiently act in the fields of mitigation and adaptation. Their climate capacity is being increasingly recognized by international institutions and has been pointed out as crucial in the multi-level government scenario of the European Union (EU).Addressing the challenges of climate change at urban level is a complex issue which requires a holistic approach to strategic urban planning. Understanding why and how cities start action can help to identify the barriers they face when addressing climate change, and how national governments, regions and international bodies can support local authorities in their climate fight. This work aims to contribute to the provision of knowledge necessary to have a better and deeper insight in urban climate action.The study investigates the state-of-art of urban climate plans in two countries, Spain and Italy, which share similarities on many levels (i.e. cultural, geographical, climate vulnerabilities, urban configurations and institutional framework). The research analyses 26 Spanish cities and 32 Italian cities included in the Eurostat Urban Audit (UA), focusing on the actions taken by big and medium municipalities in reducing their contribution to climate change and to become more resilient to changing weather patterns.The results of the analysis show a trend towards an increasing awareness on climate mitigation (highly focused on energy efficiency and the promotion of cleaner energy sources), while adaptation remains an incipient local policy area in both countries. The analysis identifies also the beneficial influence of national and international climate city networks. ; Cities significantly contribute to climate change while at the same time have government capacity to efficiently act in the fields of mitigation and adaptation. Their climate capacity is being increasingly recognized by international institutions and has been pointed out as crucial in the multi-level government scenario of the European Union (EU).Addressing the challenges of climate change at urban level is a complex issue which requires a holistic approach to strategic urban planning. Understanding why and how cities start action can help to identify the barriers they face when addressing climate change, and how national governments, regions and international bodies can support local authorities in their climate fight. This work aims to contribute to the provision of knowledge necessary to have a better and deeper insight in urban climate action.The study investigates the state-of-art of urban climate plans in two countries, Spain and Italy, which share similarities on many levels (i.e. cultural, geographical, climate vulnerabilities, urban configurations and institutional framework). The research analyses 26 Spanish cities and 32 Italian cities included in the Eurostat Urban Audit (UA), focusing on the actions taken by big and medium municipalities in reducing their contribution to climate change and to become more resilient to changing weather patterns.The results of the analysis show a trend towards an increasing awareness on climate mitigation (highly focused on energy efficiency and the promotion of cleaner energy sources), while adaptation remains an incipient local policy area in both countries. The analysis identifies also the beneficial influence of national and international climate city networks.

Cities significantly contribute to climate change while at the same time have government capacity to efficiently act in the fields of mitigation and adaptation. Their climate capacity is being increasingly recognized by international institutions and has been pointed out as crucial in the multi-level government scenario of the European Union (EU).Addressing the challenges of climate change at urban level is a complex issue which requires a holistic approach to strategic urban planning. Understanding why and how cities start action can help to identify the barriers they face when addressing climate change, and how national governments, regions and international bodies can support local authorities in their climate fight. This work aims to contribute to the provision of knowledge necessary to have a better and deeper insight in urban climate action.The study investigates the state-of-art of urban climate plans in two countries, Spain and Italy, which share similarities on many levels (i.e. cultural, geographical, climate vulnerabilities, urban configurations and institutional framework). The research analyses 26 Spanish cities and 32 Italian cities included in the Eurostat Urban Audit (UA), focusing on the actions taken by big and medium municipalities in reducing their contribution to climate change and to become more resilient to changing weather patterns.The results of the analysis show a trend towards an increasing awareness on climate mitigation (highly focused on energy efficiency and the promotion of cleaner energy sources), while adaptation remains an incipient local policy area in both countries. The analysis identifies also the beneficial influence of national and international climate city networks. ; Cities significantly contribute to climate change while at the same time have government capacity to efficiently act in the fields of mitigation and adaptation. Their climate capacity is being increasingly recognized by international institutions and has been pointed out as crucial in the multi-level government scenario of the European Union (EU).Addressing the challenges of climate change at urban level is a complex issue which requires a holistic approach to strategic urban planning. Understanding why and how cities start action can help to identify the barriers they face when addressing climate change, and how national governments, regions and international bodies can support local authorities in their climate fight. This work aims to contribute to the provision of knowledge necessary to have a better and deeper insight in urban climate action.The study investigates the state-of-art of urban climate plans in two countries, Spain and Italy, which share similarities on many levels (i.e. cultural, geographical, climate vulnerabilities, urban configurations and institutional framework). The research analyses 26 Spanish cities and 32 Italian cities included in the Eurostat Urban Audit (UA), focusing on the actions taken by big and medium municipalities in reducing their contribution to climate change and to become more resilient to changing weather patterns.The results of the analysis show a trend towards an increasing awareness on climate mitigation (highly focused on energy efficiency and the promotion of cleaner energy sources), while adaptation remains an incipient local policy area in both countries. The analysis identifies also the beneficial influence of national and international climate city networks.