Suchergebnisse

An attempt is made in this article to examine the effect of new policy instruments implemented by the self-governing Namibia on the aspects of human development. We analysed whether the changes in fiscal policy adopted in postindependence era have improved the quality of life of Namibians as compared to pre-independence era. Time series data on government expenditures as well as health and education related indicators for the period 1980 to 2015 has been used for the purpose of analysis. Impacts of per capita government expenditure on healthcare and education on reduction in mortality, increase in life expectancy at birth, rising literacy and growth of people acquiring higher education/technical education have been examined. During 1980 to 1990, Namibia was under South African control, a colonial era, and, therefore, in the 1991 to 2015 period Namibia was independent. The study reveals that Namibians are better off in the post-independence as compared to the colonial era on major parameters. However, changes in policy have not been successful in transforming the lives of Namibians to the levels expected. There is still ample scope for improvement in the fiscal management of the country.

Women living in rural areas are very close to the natural environment. Most poor families are dependent on nature for their survival, grazing cattle, collecting water and fuelwood and similar tasks, which are considered inferior and suitable for women and children, are not remunerative. Adult males and some women work outside for a livelihood. The life of rural women, particularly tribal women, is so much intertwined with the environment, that the whole ecosystem revolves around them and they cannot even think of their survival without it. However, significant intra-household differences in the distribution of such activities between male and female members of the families exist, varying with socioeconomic background, cultural and religious beliefs and underlying attitudes towards women and children. This article examines to what extent women in rural Jharkhand are involved in such natural resource collection and management activities. We tried to unearth the impact of cultural and economic factors on women's role in different economic sections and social groups. The analysis reveals that income, occupation and status of the families have a significant inverse link with the involvement of women and also of girl children at the cost of their educational prospects. Religious and cultural beliefs also determine the extent of women and children's involvement in resource collection. The study indicates the low empowerment level of rural women in the area.

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the association between regulatory capital and risk of Indian commercial banks and the impacts of other relevant variables on them.


Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on a secondary data set on Indian commercial banks collected from "Capitaline Plus" corporate database and annual reports of the respective banks. Total 41 major Indian banks (21 public and 20 private sector banks) are considered in this study. Here absolute values of capital and risk are used as dependent variables along with some relevant bank specific explanatory variables in a system of a two-equation model. Based on the nature of interrelationship and identifiability of the equations, three-stage least squares (3SLS) technique is used to estimate the relationship.


Findings
– Risk and capital of Indian commercial banks are inversely associated. The influence of profitability on both capital and risk is significantly positive. Moreover, human capital efficiency is negatively associated with the undertaking of risk by the banks. In this respect, Indian private sector banks are found to be more efficient in utilizing human capital for reducing credit risk.


Originality/value
– It is the first comparative study in India examining the relationship between capital and risk of Indian public and private sector commercial banks covering both Basel I and II periods. Further, the role of human resource in managing risk is considered as a relevant variable in this study.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Inequality, Growth and Development -- 1 Does Economic Growth Increase Inequality?: An Empirical Analysis for ASEAN Countries, China and India -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Modelling Growth and Inequality: Related Literature -- 1.2.1 Growth, Inequality and Their Interrelationships -- 1.2.2 The 95% Theory of Kuznets' Inverted U Hypothesis: Just a Glorified Speculation? -- 1.2.3 The Exalted Status of the Interrelationships Between Growth and Inequality: The Immortal Triangle of Growth-Inequality-Poverty -- 1.3 Our Modelling Framework -- 1.3.1 Discussion of the Theoretical Findings -- 1.3.2 Empirical Foundation to the Nonlinear Relationship Between Growth and Inequality -- 1.3.3 Inequality and Growth Data: A Small Note -- 1.4 Empirical Results: Panel Analysis of Determinants of Inequality -- 1.4.1 The Panel Estimation Equation -- 1.4.2 GMM Estimation Results -- 1.4.3 Panel Estimation Results and Findings -- 1.5 Sources of Nonlinear Relationship Between Growth and Equity: Methodology and Findings -- 1.5.1 Methodology: Reversal of Roles and Threshold Model in Terms of FDI -- 1.5.2 Findings -- 1.5.3 Discussion of Findings -- 1.5.4 Growth and Inequality: A Simplistic Exposition -- 1.5.5 Growth and Inequality: An Alternative Specification -- 1.5.6 Discussion -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Does Institutional Quality Affect Foreign Direct Investment? A Panel Data Analysis -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Literature Review -- 2.3 Theory and Hypothesis -- 2.4 Specification and Data -- 2.5 Estimation -- 2.6 Results and Discussion -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 An Empirical Verification of Kuznets Hypothesis in India -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Why Care About Inequality? -- 3.3 Kuznets Hypothesis