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Contents: 1. Exploring the terrain of social entrepreneurship: New directions, paths less travelled / Anne de Bruin and Simon Teasdale -- 2. An evolutionary perspective on social entrepreneurship 'ecosystems' / Michael J. Roy and Richard Hazenberg -- 3. Spectres of marketization? The prospect of the national disability insurance scheme in Australia / Chris Mason -- 4. Social enterprises and democracy in countries with transitional or authoritarian regimes / Angela M. Eikenberry -- 5. Measuring impact in social entrepreneurship: Developing a research agenda for the 'practice turn' in impact assessment / Jarrod Ormiston and Erin Castellas -- 6. When form follows function: Governing for good / Deborah Burand -- 7. Community perspectives on social entrepreneurship / Helen Haugh and Andrew Brady -- 8. Collective social entrepreneurship / Roger Spear -- 9. Inclusive value chain development: The role of social enterprise hybrids in smallholder value chains / Bob Doherty and Pichawadee Kittipanya-Ngam -- 10. Social enterprises as rural development actors / Robyn Eversole and Mary Duniam -- 11. Social and ecological entrepreneurship in a circular economy: The need for understanding transitional agency / Malin Henriksson, Martin Hultman, Nils Johansson, Anna Kaijser and Björn Wallsten -- 12. Gender and social entrepreneurship research: Contemporary themes / Kate V. Lewis and Colette Henry -- 13. Māori indigenous research: Impacting social enterprise and entrepreneurship / Ella Henry and Léo-Paul Dana -- 14. Social entrepreneurship in the middle east and north Africa / Ghadah Alarifi, Paul Robson and Endrit Kromidha -- 15. Hybrid social entrepreneurship in emerging economies - a research agenda / Diane Holt and Bev Meldrum -- 16. Social entrepreneurship through the lens of the 'everyday': Inquiring the rhythms of female micro-credit recipients / Pascal Dey and Laurent Marti -- 17. The times of social innovation - fictional expectation, precautionary expectation and social imaginary / Rafael Ziegler -- Index.

Entrepreneurship and the Creative Economy contains a range of theoretical and empirically based research contributions that collectively consider and debate the process, policy and practice of the creative economy. -- The 'creative economy' and the broad spectrum of creative industries that it encompasses, is increasingly important in the 21st century's global economy. In challenging economic conditions, creative industries are both politically and economically appealing with governments around the world now recognising their potential as a source of employment and entrepreneurial endeavour. As such, this informative book will play a vital part in furthering our understanding of the creative industries and the role they play in economic development. -- This enlightening compendium, researched by leading authors in the field, will prove invaluable for students, academics and researchers in the fields of creative entrepreneurship, creative industries and the creative economy.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to argue, using the New Zealand context as reference, that heterogeneous societies with diverse cultures have an expanded space of possibilities for developing social innovations.


Design/methodology/approach
Incorporation of the cultural context is integral to finding innovative, collective solutions for mitigating complex social problems and sparking transformational social change. Empirical support for this contention draws on examples of social innovations that embed the cultural values of Māori, New Zealand's indigenous people.


Findings
Using illustrative cases, the authors highlight the capacity of Māori values, encompassed in an ecosystem of Māori social institutions, to catalyse social innovation in New Zealand. The authors position these examples within two paradigms of social innovation.


Research limitations/implications
The paper limits its focus to the implications of Māori cultural values for social innovation. However, it serves to highlight that appreciation of indigenous and minority cultural values can provide a foundation for social innovations in other contexts too.


Practical implications
Recognising cultural values increases the range of possibilities for innovatively addressing social and environmental challenges.


Social implications
Respect and recognition of indigenous culture and knowledge offers potential for sustainable solutions to complex social challenges.


Originality/value
This is one of the few papers to explore the cultural embeddedness of social innovation and highlight public policy social innovations.

Attempts to explore the complexities in the operation of the largest and best example of New Zealand's approximation of street vending known as the Otara Flea Market. Aims to understand the way that less formalized economic activity operates as part of the coping strategies of people in communities caught by the domestic response to changes in the global economy. Uses participant observation to categorize the nature, size and general profile of the vendors, document analysis of legal and newspaper reports, together with in‐depth interviews with vendors.

Local initiatives for employment creation are vital to the mitigation of high unemployment levels of Maori and Pacific Group people in New Zealand. In order that local communities be empowered to determine their own outcomes, however; government, both local and central, private business and community partnerships working to common agendas, are increasingly being seen as a step in the right direction. This paper examines the extent to which the partnership approach to employment creation operates in some labour market disadvantaged urban communities. It details some of the current projects in operation and comments on their progress. It asks if there are common elements which assist the success of such initiatives.

Purpose
This paper aims to identify and categorise the values expressed in women-led social entrepreneurship based on a typology of universal values. It explores the influence of gender and religious faith on the values that inspire social entrepreneurial organisations to engage in positive social change.


Design/methodology/approach
Inductive multiple case study research investigates the values manifest in five social entrepreneurial organisations founded and led by women in three Southeast Asian countries.


Findings
Organisations and their women-leaders express values related to benevolence, universalism, self-direction and security. Gender and religious faith are found to be mediators that influence approaches to social transformation.


Research limitations/implications
Purposive sampling and interpretive research design favour rich description but limit the generalisability of the findings. Further enquiry is needed into the gender-values-religion nexus in social entrepreneurship.


Practical implications
Social entrepreneurship is shown to be a process embedded in and motivated by prosocial values of benevolence and social justice and other values of self-direction and security. Findings provide evidence for the critical but often overlooked influence of gender and religious faith on the values foundation of social entrepreneurship.


Social implications
Social entrepreneurial organisations led by women contribute to positive social change through the values they incorporate and express.


Originality/value
Research on the link between gender, values and religious faith in social entrepreneurship is virtually non-existent.

This paper attempts to explain the motivations of residential rental property investors in New Zealand in terms of the behavioural assumption of bounded rationality. Commencing with a rejection of the more standard neo‐classical economics view of rationality as an explanation of investment behaviour, the paper seeks to both examine the extent to which bounded rationality applies to the investment behaviour encountered and to elaborate on that behaviour. The discussion is underpinned by the findings of a postal survey of a large nationwide sample of private residential rental property owners, and is directly based on a study of a smaller sample of investors using in‐depth interview techniques. Qualitative analysis overlays the quantitative data, to enable better exploration of the constraints within which individual investors operate.

Since the late 1970s in New Zealand, education and training have been essential elements as governments have grappled with maintaining and increasing the employability of the labour force. This paper reports on one phase of the Labour Market Dynamics and Economic Participation research programme which addresses the role that education and training institutions play in mediating labour supply and demand and promoting economic participation within various New Zealand regional labour markets. The paper refines and extends some of the key concepts of the Department of Labour's Human Capability Framework to explore the effectiveness of regional education and training institutions, and other intersecting regional and national organisations, in mediating regional labour market supply and demand.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a new gender‐aware framework to provide a springboard for furthering a holistic understanding of women's entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on an existing framework articulating the "3Ms" (markets, money and management) required for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures. Drawing on institutional theory, it is argued that this "3M" framework needs further development and "motherhood" and "meso/macro environment" are added to extend and mediate the "3Ms" and construct a "5M" framework to enable the study of women's entrepreneurship in its own right.FindingsIt was found that "Motherhood" is a metaphor representing the household and family context of female entrepreneurs, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The meso/macro environment captures considerations beyond the market, such as expectations of society and cultural norms (macro), and intermediate structures and institutions (meso).Practical implicationsFor the women entrepreneur, this analysis has implications for understanding the sources of the challenges they face by providing insights on the importance of the interplay of both individual and societal factors that impact on their enterprise. For policy makers, it turns the spotlight on the need for an integrated approach for fostering female entrepreneurs that is not blind to overarching institutionalised social structures and gender asymmetries.Originality/valueThe framework helps lay a foundation for coherent research on women's entrepreneurship. It is unique in making explicit the social embeddedness of women entrepreneurs and considers the multiple levels of influence on their entrepreneurial actions.