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Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. What happened in law with the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. – 2.1. The protection of EU founding values as pre-condition for mutual trust. – 2.2. Towards an integrated FSJA and a stronger protection of fundamental rights at EU level. – 2.3. Overcoming the EC-EU dualism and some of the institutional problems of the FSJA. – 2.4. When general rules have an exception: opt-out/opt-in countries and enhanced cooperation. – 3. Main texts adopted post-Lisbon and the persistence of intergovernmentalism in the FSJA. – 3.1. Main FSJA texts adopted post-Lisbon. – 3.2. The persistence of intergovernmentalism in the FSJA. – 4. Conclusions and possible improvements in the new legislature (2019-2024).

Cet article retrace l'évolution du contrôle parlementaire vis-à-vis des domaines couverts par l'espace européen de liberté, de sécurité et de justice en s'intéressant aussi bien au rôle du Parlement européen qu'à celui des parlements nationaux. Il montre en particulier comment la « nouvelle approche » mise en œuvre par les parlements permet d'élargir le contrôle mené sur l'activité normative qui a lieu dans les domaines en question, ce qui apporte à cette activité une indéniable valeur ajoutée démocratique.

These notes describe the evolution of the EU strategy for the integration of Third Country Nationals since the Tampere Program in 1999 until the second Action Program (2021–2027). It highlights the EU's endeavor to close the gap between migrants and EU citizens in compliance with the EU general anti-discrimination policy and, since the entry of the Lisbon Treaty into force, of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Accordingly, the current integration strategy has a much wider legal and financial basis than the one described by art. 79.2 of the TFEU. This new individual-centered and wide-ranging public approach can now be strengthened through the new European Digital Agenda, whose aim is also to reframe and make the relations between the individual and public administration more user friendly. However, in the human mobility domain, the large EU acquis, which is currently focused on internal security, should be re-balanced from a legislative and operational point of view to avoid the risk of infringing on data protection principles and establishing a mass surveillance framework, which could be incompatible with the EU as a democratic society and a rule of law-abiding organization. Within this very complex framework, a promising development is the establishment of a new European Asylum Agency, which may pave the way for more consistent EU asylum and migration policies.