Suchergebnisse

Human behavior played a crucial role in the evolution of financial crises over modern and contemporary age. This chapter sets out to show how irrational action – from mania to panic, from euphoria to mass hysteria – represents a key factor in the bubbles from the tulipmania of 1637 to the 1987 stock market crash. From the point of view of what really happened during the crises, investors' rationality appears an a priori belief about the way the world should work rather than a true description of the way the world has actually worked. Indeed, the prevailing model of financial crises entails the boom and the ensuing bust and is based on the episodic nature of the manias and the subsequent crises. Hence, the lesson is that even if we can't prevent someone to make a foolish of himself, the historical understanding of financial crises teaches as that it is a possible to avoid that speculative and fraudolent financial businesses ruin the less aware investors.

http://iconarp.selcuk.edu.tr/iconarp/article/view/61 ; Focus of the paper are the models and practices of regional spatial planning activated in Italy in the most recent years, in order to evidence the innovation occurred and the challenges that regional planning institutions are facing. Compared to a theoretical and legislative framework that tends to separate the different types of regional planning (spatial, landscape, development planning), the experimental framework is characterized by pluralistic approaches in which a balance between a normative and a strategic nature of the territorial plan is searched, in order to introduce perspectives of economic and social development. In a continuous process of institutional reflexivity and learning, the regional institutions have now achieved that the notion of 'region' has become more about social interaction than geographical location. For that, interesting experiences of intraregional and interregional cooperation are developing, as called Interregional table of PadanoAlpine-Maritime Macro Area in Northern Italy, a place-based approach generating supra-local shared visions that are of a certain interest.