Suchergebnisse

This paper is based on research conducted in Australia and the United States into Australian aims toward the Allied Occupation of Japan under the Chifley government between 1945 and 1949. It challenges the prevailing characterisation of Australian aims as solely seeking a 'harsh peace' with Japan. An alternative, two-platform model is proposed to assess Australian aims. The model incorporates the pragmatic and retribution aspects of Australian policy (known as platform-one aims) and the more complex pragmatic and idealist aims of encouraging democratisation in postwar Japan (known as platform-two aims). The paper focuses on platform-two aims, as these tend to be neglected in historiography on the Australian role in the Occupation. The paper discusses three examples of Australian policies regarding the democratisation of Japan – constitutional reform, land reform and labour reform. These policies are placed in the context of Dr H.V. Evatt's vision for the postwar world and the emerging Cold War. The paper assesses Australia's ability to contribute to postwar reform in Japan during the Occupation. Obstacles to the implementation of Australia's agenda included the difficulty to turn rhetoric into practice, problems in the Department of External Affairs, unilateral action by General Douglas MacArthur and the United States government, and the changing balance of global power with the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War.

Analyzing gendered occupation power / Christine de Matos and Rowena Ward -- Occupation masculinities : the residues of colonial power in Australian occupied Japan / Christine de Matos -- Encountering national and gendered selves : identity formation of Okinawan students in the United States during the US occupation of Okinawa / Kinuko Maehara Yamazato -- Histories of violence : occupation, resistance and masculinities in Timor Leste / Henri Myrttinen -- Lily pads and leisure meccas : the gendered political economy of post-base and post-9/11 Philippines / Bronwyn Winter -- Chamorro warriors and godmothers meet Uncle Sam : gender, loyalty and resistance to US military occupation in postwar Guam / Miyume Tanji -- The Northern Territory intervention in Australia : a grassroots perspective / Miliwanga Sandy and Kathleen Clapham -- Caught between cultures : how the occupation of Iraq is reinforcing and redefining gender roles / Marcus Schulzke -- The people follow the mullah, and the mullah follows the people : politics of aid and gender in Afghanistan post-2001 / Joyce Wu -- Abu Ghraib : a ghostly story / Stefka Hristova -- The national struggle and women's rights : the case of Palestine / Rose Shomali Musleh -- This garden uprooted : gendered violence, suffering and resistance in Indian-administered Kashmir / Shubh Mathur -- Forced encounters and gendered impacts : past, present and future / Keiko Tamura

In late 1945, Australia eagerly put up its hand to join the American-led military occupation of war-devastated Japan: the old enemy was still hated, yet the Australian involvement was motivated by ideals of democratic reconstruction rather than retributio

The Second World War saw extraordinary movements of people, before, during and afterwards. Civilian internees are rarely considered part of this, and especially not those in South and Southeast Asia. Between December 1941 and May 1946, nearly 2700 Japanese civilians and colonial subjects from across Japan's empire were interned in camps in British India. Mainly residents of Singapore and Malaya, these civilians were arrested and transferred by ship and train to India, where they were interned for all or part of the war. Their first 'temporary' camp was in Purana Qila, the Old Fort in New Delhi, from where some were repatriated to Japan in August 1942 as part of the Anglo-Japanese Civilian Exchange. The remaining civilians were moved to a more permanent camp at Deoli (Ajmer) in 1943. The internees experienced several hardships, including inadequate accommodation and disease. To date, little has been written about these internees and their journeys, especially in English. Weaving together archival sources, internee memoirs and non-English publications, this article seeks to reveal the experience of incarceration on internees in British India as forced migrants of war, and to consider reasons why the history of these internees remains largely invisible.

Before and after defeat: crossing the great 1945 divide / Mark E. Caprio and Christine de Matos -- Part I. The physical dimension: corporeal occupation -- Cash and blood: the Chinese community and the Japanese occupation of Borneo, 1941-1945 / Keat Gin -- State, sterilization and reproductive rights: Japan as the occupier and the occupied / Maho Toyoda -- Labor under military occupation: allied POWs and the allied occupation of Japan / Christine de Matos -- More bitter than sweet: reflecting on the Japanese community in British North Borneo, 1885-1946 / Shigeru Sato -- Part II. The cognitive dimension: psychological occupation -- Colonial-era Korean collaboration over two occupations: delayed closure / Mark E. Caprio -- Film and the representation of ideas in Korea during and after Japanese occupation, 1940-1948 / Brian Yecies -- Patriotic collaboration?: Zhou Fohai and the Wang Jingwei government during the Second Sino-Japanese War / Brian G. Martin -- Trapped in the contested borderland: Sakhalin Koreans, wartime displacement and identity / Igor R. Saveliev -- Collapsing the past into the present: the occupation of Japan seen in the pages of the journal New Women / Curtis Anderson Gayle -- Dividing islanders: the repatriation of "Ry'ky'ans" from occupied Japan / Matthew R. Augustine -- Memories of the Japanese occupation: Singapore's first official Second World War memorial and the politics of commemoration / John Kwok -- A textual reading of my Manchuria: idealism, conflict and modernity / Mo Tian