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We propose a new approach which helps to shed light on the importance of the relationshipbetween a government's welfare outcome and its citizens' desired well-being, defining a conceptof welfare gap. To determine this gap, we build two composite indices of well-being measuredat the individual and aggregate level - i.e. subjective and objective welfare measures - assessingoverall well-being and its progress over time. To this end, we apply idiosyncratic settingsof Structural Equation Models to examine the interrelations and causal relationships acrosswelfare determinants and among the underlying drivers of well-being. By comparing thedimensions' weights and rankings of the objective and subjective welfare measures, we obtainlargely opposite results in both analyses, except for the relevance of the health status. Materialliving conditions are the most important dimensions in the objective ranking, whilst the qualityof life indicators lie at the top of the subjective ladder.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In the scientific literature, there is unanimous consensus that hospitalization in stroke unit (SU) is the most important treatment for stroke patients. In this regard, the Act number 70/2015 by the Italian government identified specific skills that contribute to a classification of SU and outlined a "hub and spoke" stroke network. The aim of our study was to check the coverage of requirements of first and second level SU in the national territory and to shed light on any deficit or misdistribution of resources. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2019, a survey on the current situation related to stroke care in Italy was carried out by the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN), The Italian Stroke Organization (ISO), and the Association for the Fight against Stroke (A.L.I.Ce). RESULTS: First level SU was found to be 58 against a requirement, according to the Act 70/2015, of 240. Second level SU was found to be 52 compared with an expected requirement of 60. Neurointerventionists were 280 nationally, with a requirement of 240. A misdistribution of resources within individual regions was often seen. CONCLUSIONS: The survey demonstrated a severe shortage of beds dedicated to cerebrovascular diseases, mainly because of lack of first level SU, especially in central and southern Italy. It also suggests that the current hub and spoke system is not yet fully implemented across the country and that resources should be better distributed in order to ensure uniform and fair care for all stroke patients on the whole territory. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10072-020-04616-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

8 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla ; Supported by Grants from the Comitato Telethon Fondazione Onlus, the Amministrazione Autonoma dei Monopoli di Stato, the city of Gubbio, Italy (grant numbers GGP06209 and GGP10121), the Italian Ministry of Health ('Identification of tumor biomarkers through a biologydriven integrated approach'), and the Spanish and the Valencian Governments (grants BFU2011-30407 and Prometeo II/2014/029, respectively). NG holds a contract of CIBERER. ; Peer reviewed