Suchergebnisse

There has been increasing pressure for NGOs working in development to expand the scale of their activities, especially in response to HIV in developing countries. Through the experience of NGOs working in different contexts, this book analyses when expansion is appropriate, how to make it effective, how one might measure the costs, and what the implications for organizations may be. The author draws on case studies presented at an international seminar of NGOs and others specifically to address the issues of growth and scaling up, and she integrates the new insights from this process with existing thinking. A new typology of approaches to scaling up is proposed, and key elements of scaling up are described and discussed, as are issues such as risks entailed in growth, motivation for scaling up and the special challenges related to scaling up work on HIV and AIDS. "Making an Impact in HIV and AIDS" is a contribution to thinking about scaling up NGO activities in general and is particularly important as the pressures of the HIV epidemic concern not only the organizations directly involved but also those working on all aspects of development.

AbstractDrawing on baseline data from an urban development project which provided services and legal land tenure to Palestinian refugee‐squatters in five low‐income areas of Amman, Jordan, this article analyses the impact of economic crisis, structural adjustment and the Gulf War on two out of five of the upgraded communities. A study was conducted in 1991, following the Gulf crisis, to analyse the sustainability of child health improvements that had been achieved during the first five years of the upgrading project and to examine the relationships between poverty and health. It was found that several health indicators had deteriorated since 1985 (which was before the economic crisis which had begun in 1988), but that households used a number of strategies to alleviate the growing income constraints on access to health care and basic goods. Despite a sophisticated health care system, there were few institutionalized mechanisms to generate policy‐relevant data which might have led to action to protect the poor from the negative effects of the economic crises.

This study aims to examine the incidence, types and patterns of management of severe and non-severe maternal morbidities of Palestinian women during pregnancy, labour, delivery and up to seven days postpartum in one Palestinian hospital. Results of this study show the burden of maternal morbidity for Palestinian women between the ages of 16 and 48 is high. In Palestine, maternal morbidity can be prevented by promoting a rational use of cesarean section, avoiding unnecessary medicalization, reducing unwanted pregnancies and updating practices of providers related to abortion/miscarriage care. ; World Health Organization (Implementation Research Protocol ID A65770) to the Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut for a four-country study on maternal near-miss in public hospitals in Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria.

We investigated reported policies and practices of normal delivery in Jordanian hospitals to assess whether these practices are evidence‐based and whether women are given choices in delivery. Staff at a nationally representative sample of 30 hospitals were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. The surveyed hospitals were found to be well equipped to deal with obstetric emergencies, and many follow evidence‐based procedures. The internal evaluation system, however, typically is based on team feedback, and 20 percent of hospitals reported having no internal evaluation procedure. Some unnecessary procedures, including pubic shaving and enemas, are frequently practiced. Women are restricted in their movement during labor, and the lithotomy position is usually adopted for delivery; the majority of hospitals report strapping women in the delivery position. Most hospitals do not allow social support during labor and delivery. Measures are needed to encourage the best evidence‐based practices regarding normal childbirth, including better evaluation. Jordanian women need much more information about their delivery options so that they can exercise their preferences wherever possible.