Suchergebnisse

This paper discusses several approaches to examining the relationship between child care and mothers' labor supply. The focus is on child care for children aged 0-3, because this is a critical period for working mothers and their children and because most European and American households with children aged 3-5 already use child care centers. The paper provides data concerning availability of, government spending on, and quantity and quality standards for child care in different countries, then compares different approaches to the determinants of child care demand and labor supply. The paper subsequently reviews and compares empirical results regarding the impact of child care costs, availability and quality. Finally, the paper discusses different impacts across different groups and provides concluding remarks.

Our research analyzes the effect of changes in migration policies and the accession to the European Union of former countries of emigration, considering the crucial role played by migrants in an aging society. We focus on the demand of family-care workers by using the last five years of the Italian Labour Force Survey dataset. Our results show that especially during the last years of recession, foreign labor (mostly female) has become fundamental in the family sector, favoring the participation of Italian skilled women in the labor market.

Our research analyzes the effect of changes in migration policies and the accession to the European Union of former countries of emigration, considering the crucial role played by migrants in an aging society. We focus on the demand of family-care workers by using the last five years of the Italian Labour Force Survey dataset. Our results show that especially during the last years of recession, foreign labor (mostly female) has become fundamental in the family sector, favoring the participation of Italian skilled women in the labor market.

"In Italien wurden in letzter Zeit Maßnahmen im Bereich der Sozial- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik ergriffen, durch die sich die Kinderbetreuungskosten und -angebote geändert haben. So wurden bessere Möglichkeiten für Teilzeitarbeit und ein höheres Maß an Flexibilität bei der Gestaltung der Arbeitszeiten geschaffen und der Elternurlaub verlängert. Die Autorinnen untersuchen die Auswirkungen dieser Änderungen auf die für den italienischen Arbeitsmarkt verfügbaren Mütter und vergleichen sie mit anderen Ländern. Der Artikel enthält statistische Daten von Eurostat und der OECD sowie empirische Ergebnisse der Italienischen Erhebung des Einkommens und des Wohlstands der Haushalte (SHIW) und des Europäischen Haushaltspanels (ECHP). Aus diesen Daten geht hervor, dass die Lage der Mütter in Italien ähnlich ist wie in anderen südeuropäischen Ländern, insbesondere Spanien und Griechenland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Italy is a country with a long history of emigration and a very short experience of immigration. The paper first surveys the Italian emigration pattern describing the characteristics of the Italian emigrants (age, sex, skill level), their area of origins and the directions of their movement. The determinants of the migration choice are then analyzed as well as the policies affecting the decision to migrate. The end of the first section provides an analysis of the emigration effects in the areas of origin, namely the positive effect of the remittances and the changes in the composition of the remaining population. The second section surveys the recent Italian immigration phenomenon with a description of the immigrant characteristics, such as area of origin, sex, age, and location in the country. Special attention has been given to the illegality issue because the majority of the immigrants became legal by applying for an amnesty. The determinants of the emigration in the country of origins and the effects in the destination close the picture. The conclusion provides a look at the future and the policy changes that should be adopted.