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Machine generated contents note: 1. Cracking Codes, Remixing Cultures -- 2. Forbidden, Public, Enclosed, Open Science -- 3. Hackers, Rebels and Profiteers -- 4. Sailing and Sequencing the Genome Seas -- 5. Just Another Rebel Scientist -- 6. We are the Biohackers -- 7. Conclusion: How to Hack Biology

Amazon e-commerce operations rely upon the living labor of thousands of workers. In the company's warehouses, barcodes allow commodities to be construed as information to be managed. Work is thus mediated and organized digitally, as algorithms assign tasks and surveil workers. But it would be futile to analyze the technical organization of labor without studying the authoritarian nature of work under capitalist relations. Interviews with workers and managers unearth the material and cultural infrastructures that underpin Amazon labor. Early Italian operaismo, or workerist theory, offers a framework to analyze digital capitalism's strategies to secure workers' cooperation with machinery. Algorithms datafy worker activity and incorporate it in machinery. Management enacts a form of despotism mediated and augmented by digital tools and cultures. The technical and political rationalities deployed in the warehouse aim at satiating digital capitalism's appetite for the labor of others.

Amazon's projects for future automation contribute to anxieties about the marginalization of living labor in warehousing. Yet, a systematic analysis of patents owned by Amazon suggests that workers are not about to disappear from the warehouse floor. Many patents portray machines that increase worker surveillance and work rhythms. Others aim at incorporating workers' activities into machinery to rationalize the labor process in an ever more pervasive form of digital Taylorism. Patents materialize the company's desire for a technological future in which workers act and sense on behalf of machinery, becoming its living and sensing appendages. In this new relationship, humans extend machinery and its reach. Through the work-in-progress process of reaching increasing levels of automation, Amazon develops new technical foundations that consolidate its power in the digital workplace.

The spread of hacker practices to new fields, such as open hardware development and do-it-yourself biology, brings with it a renewed necessity to analyse the significance of hacking in relation to industrial and institutional innovation. We sketch out a framework drawing on the idea of recuperation and use it to situate an emerging body of works on hackers. By adopting the concept of recuperation, we highlight how hacker practices and innovations are adopted, adapted and repurposed by corporate and political institutions. In other words, hacking is being hacked. We suggest three temporalities within which this dynamics can be studied: 1) the life cycle of an individual hacker project-community, 2) the co-evolution of hacker movements and relevant industries or institutions, 3) the place of hacking within the "spirit of the times", or, differently put, the transformations of capitalism seen through the lens of hacking.

This article explores the notion of digital non-participation as a form of mediated political action rather than as mere passivity. We generally conceive of participation in a positive sense, as a means for empowerment and a condition for democracy. However, participation is not the only way to achieve political goals in the digital sphere and can be hampered by the 'dark sides' of participatory media, such as surveillance or disempowering forms of interaction. In fact, practices aimed at abandoning or blocking participatory platforms can be seen as politically significant and relevant. We propose here to conceptualize these activities by developing a framework that includes both participation and non-participation. Focusing on the political dimensions of digital practices, we draw four categories: active participation, passive participation, active non-participation, and passive non-participation. This is not intended as a conclusive classification, but rather as a conceptual tool to understand the relational nature of participation and non-participation through digital media. The evolution of the technologies and practices that compose the digital sphere forces us to reconsider the concept of political participation itself.