Suchergebnisse

This paper investigates tax convergence in 15 European Union member states using annual data from 1975 to 2011. We follow the proposal of Peter C. B. Phillips and Donggyu Sul (2007) to test the convergence club hypothesis, complemented with a preliminary sigma convergence study, and focusing on the tax burden and tax mix with the major OECD subdivisions. Our results suggest sigma convergence in all cases, but to different degrees. We identify convergence clubs, with several clusters in each tax category and differences between the whole sample and the two sub-periods analyzed, namely 1975-1994 and 1995-2011.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Rehabilitation of K. G. Road Complex at New Delhi, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geometric Studies -- 2.1 Physical Measurements -- 2.2 Visual Assessment of Damages -- 2.3 Endoscopic Studies -- 3 Structural Testing -- 3.1 Non-destructive Test (NDT)-Rebound Hammer Test (RHT) -- 3.2 Laboratory Tests -- 3.3 Test of Reinforcement -- 3.4 Test of Bricks -- 4 Recommendations for Structural Retrofitting -- 4.1 Structural Strengthening with Micro Concrete Jacketing -- 5 Conclusion -- Characterization of Ancient Mixed Masonry Structures of Brickwork Infilled by Cobblestone Wall -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Characterization of Materials in the Laboratory -- 2.2 In Situ Experimental Campaign -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Results of the Characterization of Materials in the Laboratory -- 3.2 Results of the in Situ Experimental Campaign -- 4 Discussion of Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Rehabilitation of Historic Chancery Building, Yangon, Myanmar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Building Profile -- 3 Geometric Studies -- 3.1 Physical Measurements -- 3.2 Visual Assessment of Damages -- 3.3 Structural Damages in Building -- 3.4 Damages in Exteriors of Building -- 4 Structural Testing -- 4.1 Non-destructive Test-Rebound Hammer Test -- 5 Dampness and Seepages -- 6 Termites in Building -- 7 Roofing System and Terrace Floor Damages -- 8 Recommendations for Rehabilitation -- 8.1 Structural Retrofitting -- 8.2 Dampness and Seepages -- 8.3 Termites -- 8.4 New Roofing System -- 8.5 External Repairs -- 8.6 Other Damages -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Rehabilitation Operations in Residential Buildings in La Mina Neighborhood (S. Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Restructuring Accesses to the Dwellings -- 3 Comprehensive Rehabilitation of a Residential Module of 40 Dwellings in La Mina Nueva.

This book discusses key strategic options for private sector engagement in order to scale up malaria prevention and treatment. It aims to provide action-oriented and evidence-based guidance, applicable and/or adaptable to various countries and contexts, for options to involve the private sector and using public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the expansion of malaria control interventions. It is based on current recognized best practice in treatment and prevention of malaria, and draws lessons mainly from experience in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The book also advocates implementation research

The article deals with the publication of Spanish architecture in Portuguese mass-mediaduring the post-war period. By focusing on two major titles, i.e. the A Arquitectura Portuguesa & Cerâmica e Edificação Reunidas and the Arquitectura magazines, the arti-cle traces the architectural, cultural, and political ties, but also the shifts, between the two Iberian countries, in a period that spans from the upsurge of the Spanish Civil War to the outbreak of the 1970s. In other words: from the raise of Franco to the death of Salazar. The article shows that, as early as January 1946, the new Spanish architecture was considered by Portuguese architectural magazines as a relevant subject, namely by the publication of the works authored by the Coderch and Valls team. Cumulatively, the article argues that this importance was linked to the long-lasting and well-documented relationship between Portuguese publishers and the Italian Domus magazine, made thru the patronage of Italian architect Gio Ponti. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Abstract. Flood hazard projections under climate change are typically derived by applying model chains consisting of the following elements: "emission scenario – global climate model – downscaling, possibly including bias correction – hydrological model – flood frequency analysis". To date, this approach yields very uncertain results, due to the difficulties of global and regional climate models to represent precipitation. The implementation of such model chains requires major efforts, and their complexity is high. We propose for the Mekong River an alternative approach which is based on a shortened model chain: "emission scenario – global climate model – non-stationary flood frequency model". The underlying idea is to use a link between the Western Pacific monsoon and local flood characteristics: the variance of the monsoon drives a non-stationary flood frequency model, yielding a direct estimate of flood probabilities. This approach bypasses the uncertain precipitation, since the monsoon variance is derived from large-scale wind fields which are better represented by climate models. The simplicity of the monsoon–flood link allows deriving large ensembles of flood projections under climate change. We conclude that this is a worthwhile, complementary approach to the typical model chains in catchments where a substantial link between climate and floods is found.

SummaryPedigree structures of 161 uncle/niece-aunt/nephew and 4420 first cousin consanguineous marriages registered during the 19th and 20th centuries in two large and very different Spanish regions have been analysed and their genetic consequences evaluated. The frequencies of the different pedigree subtypes within each degree of relationship were quite similar in both populations despite significant heterogeneity in inbreeding patterns. The mean X-linked inbreeding coefficient (Fx) for each type of cousin mating was calculated and compared to that expected for autosomal genes (F). The effect of genealogical structure on theFx/Fradio was compared to different cultural populations worldwide. Preferentiality and avoidance of close consanguinity along with specific types of pedigrees are discussed on the basis of premarital migration and sociocultural rules still deeply rooted in certain human groups. By admitting that the observedFxcoefficient is usually higher thanFin most human populations some remarks have been made in terms of population genetic risk.

Entrectinib is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases TRKA, TRKB, TRKC [all together known as neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinases (NTRKs)], ROS1 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). On 31 July 2020, a conditional marketing authorisation valid through the European Union (EU) was issued for entrectinib for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients 12 years of age and older with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours that are locally advanced, metastatic or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity, and who have not received a prior NTRK inhibitor and have no satisfactory therapy; and also for adult patients with ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) not previously treated with ROS1 inhibitors. The submission was based on three open-label, multicentre, phase I studies (ALKA, STARTRK-1 and STARTRK-NG) and one phase II study (STARTRK-2). In patients with NTRK-positive solid tumours, the objective response rate (ORR) was 63.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 51.5% to 74.4%] and the median duration of response (DOR) was 12.9 months (95% CI 9.3-not estimable). In patients with ROS1-positive NSCLC, the ORR was 67.1% (95% CI 59.25% to 74.27%) and the median DOR was 15.7 months (95% CI 13.9-28.6 months). The most frequent adverse events were dysgeusia, fatigue, dizziness, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, increased weight, paraesthesia, increased creatinine, myalgia, peripheral oedema, vomiting, arthralgia, anaemia and increased AST. The aim of this manuscript is to summarise the scientific review of the application leading to regulatory approval of entrectinib in the EU.

El uso de las aplicaciones del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) está beneficiando a un número cada vez mayor de productores y organizaciones agrícolas en sus procesos de producción, mejorando su eficacia a largo plazo y contribuyendo al desarrollo sostenible, pues se estima que para 2023 estarán cerca de 12 millones de sensores agrícolas en uso globalmente. Por ello, los agricultores de diferentes sectores agrícolas, incluyendo el hortícola ornamental, están apostando por la pronta adopción del IoT para mejorar la eficiencia en su trabajo diario; aun cuando, en países subdesarrollados, los problemas para adquirir, acceder y utilizar las nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) han dificultado esta tarea. En este artículo se describe el diseño arquitectural de una plataforma IoT, utilizada para la monitorización ambiental en viveros de plantas de ornato, permitiendo el almacenamiento y visualización dinámica de los datos sensados en la nube. La metodología en espiral para el desarrollo de prototipos fundamenta el diseño arquitectural presentado. Diseño que proporciona una solución innovadora al integrar un nodo portable que utiliza tecnología WiFi y una red de sensores estática basada en el estándar 6LoWPAN para el sensado, recolección y visualización de datos. Como resultados, este diseño contribuirá a establecer prácticas de agricultura inteligente para mejorar la calidad, productividad, rentabilidad y sustentabilidad en la producción de plantas ornamentales, así como a ahorrar tiempo y dinero en las empresas y productores de este sector al disminuir el esfuerzo laboral y riesgo de errores humanos en la recopilación de datos.

Background Consent policies for post-mortem organ procurement (OP) vary throughout Europe, and yet no studies have empirically evaluated the ethical implications of contrasting consent models. To fill this gap, we introduce a novel indicator of governance quality based on the ideal of informed support, and examine national differences on this measure through a quantitative survey of OP policy informedness and preferences in seven European countries. Methods Between 2017-2019, we conducted a convenience sample survey of students (n = 2006) in Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Denmark (DK), Germany (DE), Greece (GR), Slovenia (SI) and Spain (ES), asking participants about their donation preferences, as well as their beliefs and views about the policy in place. From these measures, we computed indices of informedness, policy support, and fulfilment of unexpressed preferences, which we compared across countries and consent systems. Results Our study introduces a tool for analyzing policy governance in the context of OP. Wide variation in policy awareness was observed: Most respondents in DK, DE, AT and BE correctly identified the policy in place, while those in SI, GR and ES did not. Respondents in opt-out countries (AT, BE, ES and GR) tended to support the policy in place (with one exception, i.e., SI), whereas those in opt-in countries (DE and DK) overwhelmingly opposed it. These results reveal stark differences in governance quality across countries and consent policies: We found a preponderance of informed opposition in opt-in countries and a general tendency towards support-either informed or uninformed-in opt-out countries. We also found informed divergence in opt-in countries and a tendency for convergence-either informed or uninformed-among opt-out countries. Conclusion Our study offers a novel tool for analyzing governance quality and illustrates, in the context of OP, how the strengths and weaknesses of different policy implementations can be estimated and compared using quantitative survey data. Copyright:

9 páginas, 6 figuras ; Four-year time series of observations in Espartel sill at the western part of the Strait of Gibraltar have been analyzed in order to investigate the variability of the Mediterranean outflow. It is assumed that the observed variability comes from the changing properties of the dense waters that are located at the maximum depth from where they can be uplifted in the upstream basin (Albora´n Sea, inside the Mediterranean Sea) and evacuated through the strait. From this perspective, the following three mechanisms are investigated: (1) the replenishment of the deep basin by newly formed Western Mediterranean Deep Water that, depending on its density, can either uplift old resident waters or lay above them leaving in any case a cold signature in the temperature series; (2) the presence/absence of the energetic anticyclonic gyres in the Albora´n Sea, particularly the western one, which can transfer momentum to the underlying Mediterranean vein and provide it with additional energy to ascend over the sills of the strait; and (3) the meteorologically enhanced flows that follow the rapid changes of atmospheric pressure over the western Mediterranean basin, which would be able to aspire deeper waters residing in the upstream basin. The three mechanisms act on different timescales, from annual in case (1) to monthly in case (2) to weekly in case (3) although these two latter are modulated annually by the seasonal prevalence of the western Albora´n gyre in summer and of the strong meteorologically driven fluctuations in winter. The mechanisms overlap at annual timescales making it difficult to separate out the different contribution ; Data analyzed in this work were collected in the frame of the Spanish-funded projects INGRES (REN03–01608/MAR, CTM06–02326/MAR) and complementary actions CTM04–21540E and CTM08-00709-E. We acknowledge this financial support as well as partial support from local government Junta de Andalucı´a through projects P08- RNM-3738 and P07-RNM-2938. ; Peer reviewed