Suchergebnisse

This study analyzes the figure of the electronic signature and its incidence for the full realization of functional equivalence of electronic documents opposite to physical ones, in the Costa Rican and Spanish legal systems, before the implementation of Electronic Administration; resorting to national and international doctrine and regulations, as well as to Costa Rican, Spanish and community jurisprudence. The theoretical framework is made up of three sections: the first, contextualizing legally and technically the electronic signature; the second, addresses the importance of the principle of functional equivalence and the last, contrasts the treatment given to the institutes under study, in the Costa Rican and Spanish legal systems, as well as analyzes strengths, shortcomings, challenges and opportunities. Among the conclusions, the need to not only issue programmatic norms stands out, but also to put them into practice, under penalty of failing to fulfill the most basic duties of the State towards the knowledge society. ; Este estudio, analiza la figura de la firma electrónica y su incidencia para la plena realización del principio de equivalencia funcional de los documentos electrónicos frente a los físicos, en los ordenamientos jurídicos costarricense y español, ante la implementación de la Administración Electrónica; recurriendo a doctrina y normativa nacional e internacional, así como a jurisprudencia costarricense, española y comunitaria. El marco teórico, se compone de tres apartados: el primero, contextualiza jurídica y técnicamente la firma electrónica; el segundo, aborda la importancia del principio de equivalencia funcional y el último, contrasta el tratamiento otorgado a los institutos bajo estudio, en los ordenamientos jurídico costarricense y español, así como analiza fortalezas, falencias, retos y oportunidades. Entre las conclusiones, se destaca la necesidad de no solo emitir normas programáticas, sino de llevarlas a la práctica, so pena de incumplir los deberes más básicos del Estado frente a la sociedad del conocimiento.

Entrevista a Paul Robbins, director de l'Institut Nelson d'Estudis Ambientals de la Universitat de Wisconsin i un dels experts mundials en ecologia política. Ha visitat la UAB convidat pel programa ENTITLE de l'ICTA. ; Entrevista a Paul Robbins, director del Instituto Nelson de Estudios Ambientales de la Universidad de Wisconsin y uno de los expertos mundiales en ecología política. Ha visitado la UAB invitado por el programa ENTITLE del ICTA. ; Paul Robbins, director of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is one of the world's leading experts in political ecology. He visited the UAB as a guest speaker at the ENTITLE programme organised by ICTA.

Comunicación presentada en el Aquaculture Europe 2014, celebrado en Donostia-San Sebastián, España, del 14 al 17 de octubre de 2014 ; The Manila clam is an Asian species that was introduced in Europe in the 1970's due to their advantageous characteristics for cultivation (Flassch and Leborgne, 1992). Currently, the Manila clam makes up the bulk of European production of clams (FAO data for 2012: 31 836 T). The species has spread over wide areas of the European coasts, either by natural reproduction, or aided by man through induced reproduction in hatcheries. A scientifically sound management of Manila clam genetic resources requires the knowledge of the genetic variability of European populations. Genetic studies (Sekine et al., 2006; Mao et al., 2011) indicate that the populations of the native range of the species in Asia are genetically subdivided, so the genetic composition of European populations would be dependent on the geographic area from which the founder stock came from. Published reports (Flassch and Leborgne 1992) claim that the first introduced clams were seeded in NW France and came from the NW Pacific coast, where, in turn, they were accidentally introduced 40 years earlier as a carry over with the seed of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) imported from Japan. Therefore, it is of great interest to know whether the clams currently living in the European coasts all come from the reported introduction of American/Japanese seed, or whether they are a mixed stock resulting from posterior, non reported introductions by clam farmers. With this aim we have conducted a genetic study of some European Manila clam populations, and compared them with samples taken form the natural range of the species in China and Japan, and from the American area of origin of the reported European founder stock. ; This work was supported by grant AGL2007-60049 from the National Research Plan of the Government of Spain. ; Peer Reviewed