Suchergebnisse

El estudio del Derecho, así como el estudio de cualquier ciencia implica el entendimiento de los paradigmas existentes en la materia al momento de realizar dicha actividad, puesto que son éstos los que dan explicación a ideas fundamentales para la comprensión del derecho. Así pues el Neoconstitucionalismo como nueva corriente jurídica, busca a través del impulso de algunos de sus pioneros la remoción de un paradigma existente hasta el día de hoy, que es el positivismo jurídico, en el cual se basa el Estado constitucional de Derecho. La pretensión de concretarse como un nuevo paradigma no es totalmente clara puesto que parece ser que el Neoconstitucionalismo no ha logrado generar las expectativas necesarias en la teoría jurídica para poder elevarse como tal. Sin embargo, es innegable que esta nueva corriente constitucional se desarrolla con rapidez a partir de la segunda posguerra buscando perfeccionar el constitucionalismo haciendo una crítica al Estado Legislativo de Derecho. ; Magister en Derecho Público ; Maestría

In this article, we analyse patterns of turnout and electoral choices of Cape Verde's citizens in different types of elections, looking at all legislative, presidential and local elections held between 1991 and 2016, and testing four hypotheses derived from the second-order election model about differences in terms of turnout, number of spoiled/blank papers, results for the incumbent party and the electoral success of smaller parties. Our results show that, in what regards turnout and electoral behaviour, local elections present the features of second-order elections much more clearly than the presidential elections in this semi-presidential regime. However, this pattern does not necessarily mean that voters look at the latter as less second-order, but since they often took place in the honeymoon period of the legislative electoral cycle, it may only mean that there were lower incentives to punish the incumbent and/or disengage from political participation.

Near-infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy was used to predict the percentage in weight of the fat, dry matter, protein and fat/dry matter contents in Zamorano cheeses, protected with a Designation of Origin by the European Union. A total of 42 cheeses submitted to official control were analysed by reference methods. Samples were scanned (850–1050 nm) and predictive equations were developed using Partial Least Squares regression with a cross-validation step. Eight pretreatments independent from the remaining calibration samples were first considered. The most adequate one was that performing the second derivative (using a Savitzky–Golay method with a nine-point window and a second-order polynomial) followed by the standard normal variate transformation. Percentages of the root mean square error in cross-validation, the coefficient of determination and the mean of the absolute value of relative errors found were, respectively, for fat (0.62; 96.16; 1.05), dry matter (0.76; 96.03; 0.83), protein (0.41; 97.82; 0.81) and the fat/dry matter ratio (0.61; 92.51; 0.66). At a 99% confidence level, the trueness of the NIT+PLS methods for fat, dry matter and protein was verified. The official regulation for Zamorano cheese demands minimum permitted limits on the percentages in weight for protein (25%), dry matter (55%) and the ratio of fat to dry matter (45%). The adaptation of both the decision limit and the detection capability to the case of a minimum permitted limit (CDα and CDβ, respectively) when a Partial Least Squares calibration is used has been applied for the first time for a food product protected by a Designation of Origin. The values of CDα with a probability of false non-compliance equal to 0.05 and of CDβ when, in addition, the probability of false compliance was equal to or less than 0.05, both provided by the corresponding NIT+PLS-based method, were, respectively, for protein (24.78%; 24.57%), dry matter (54.14%; 53.28%) and the fat/dry matter ratio (44.39%; 43.78%). ; authorsthankthefinancialsupportprovidedbyMinisterio de CienciaeInnovacio´n (CTQ2011-26022)andJuntadeCastillay Leo´n (BU108A11-2)

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the closest and most studied example of an irregular galaxy. Among its principal defining morphological features, its off-centred bar and single spiral arm stand out, defining a whole family of galaxies known as the Magellanic spirals (Sm). These structures are thought to be triggered by tidal interactions and possibly maintained via gas accretion. However, it is still unknown whether they are long-lived stable structures. In this work, by combining photometry that reaches down to the oldest main sequence turn-off in the colour-magnitude diagrams (CMD, up to a distance of ∼4.4 kpc from the LMC centre) from the SMASH survey and CMD fitting techniques, we find compelling evidence supporting the long-term stability of the LMC spiral arm, dating the origin of this structure to more than 2 Gyr ago. The evidence suggests that the close encounter between the LMC and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) that produced the gaseous Magellanic Stream and its Leading Arm also triggered the formation of the LMC's spiral arm. Given the mass difference between the Clouds and the notable consequences of this interaction, we can speculate that this should have been one of their closest encounters. These results set important constraints on the timing of LMC-SMC collisions, as well as on the physics behind star formation induced by tidal encounters. © ESO 2020. ; TRL, CG, MM, FS and LM acknowledge financial support through grants (AEI/FEDER, UE) AYA201789076-P, AYA2016-77237-C3-1-P (RAVET project) and AYA2015-63810-P, as well as by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU), through Juan de la Cierva - Formacion grant (FJCI-2016-30342) and the State Budget and by Consejeria de Economia, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento of the Canary Islands Autonomous Community, through Regional Budget. TRL also acknowledges support from the Spanish Public State Employment Service (SEPE). Y.C. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST 1655677. SC acknowledges support from Premiale INAF "MITIC" and grant AYA201342781P from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, he has also been supported by INFN (Iniziativa specifica TAsP). M-RC acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 682115). SRM acknowledges support through NSF grant AST-1909497. DMD acknowledges support through grant AYA2016-81065-C2-2 and through the "Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and from grant PGC2018-095049-B-C21. AM acknowledges financial support from FONDECYT Regular 1181797 and funding from the Max Planck Society through a Partner Group grant. R.R.M. acknowledges partial support from project BASAL AFB-170002 as well as FONDECYT project Nffi1170364. This research makes use of python (http://www.python.org); Matplotlib (Hunter 2007) and Astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018). Based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO Prop. ID: 2013A-0411 and 2013B0440; PI: Nidever), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding providers for the DES Projects can be found in https://www.darkenergysurvey.org/collaboration-and-sponsors/ ; Peer reviewed

We report the detection of three RR Lyrae (RRL) stars (two RRc and one RRab) in the ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy Centaurus I (Cen I) and two Milky Way (MW) δ Scuti/SX Phoenicis stars based on multi-epoch giz DECam observations. The two RRc stars are located within two times the half-light radius (rh) of Cen I, while the RRab star (CenI-V3) is at ∼6 rh. The presence of three distant RRL stars clustered this tightly in space represents a 4.7σ excess relative to the smooth distribution of RRL in the Galactic halo. Using the newly detected RRL stars, we obtain a distance modulus to Cen I of μ0 = 20.354 ± 0.002 mag (σ = 0.03 mag), a heliocentric distance of De = 117.7 ± 0.1 kpc (σ = 1.6 kpc), with systematic errors of 0.07 mag and 4 kpc. The location of the Cen I RRL stars in the Bailey diagram is in agreement with other UFD galaxies (mainly Oosterhoff II). Finally, we study the relative rate of RRc+RRd (RRcd) stars (fcd) in UFD and classical dwarf galaxies. The full sample of MW dwarf galaxies gives a mean of fcd = 0.28. While several UFD galaxies, such as Cen I, present higher RRcd ratios, if we combine the RRL populations of all UFD galaxies, the RRcd ratio is similar to the one obtained for the classical dwarfs (fcd ∼ 0.3). Therefore, there is no evidence for a different fraction of RRcd stars in UFD and classical dwarf galaxies. ; Fermilab LDRD project L2019-011 NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program Cycle 9 91201 United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Science Foundation (NSF) Spanish Government UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Chicago Ohio State University Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University Financiadora de Inovacao e Pesquisa (Finep) Fundaco Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Spanish Government German Research Foundation (DFG) Dark Energy Survey United States Department of Energy (DOE) University of California at Santa Cruz University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid University of Chicago, University College London DES-Brazil Consortium University of Edinburgh ETH Zurich United States Department of Energy (DOE) University of Chicago University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC) Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen associated Excellence Cluster Universe University of Michigan, NSF's NOIRLab University of Nottingham Ohio State University OzDES Membership Consortium University of Pennsylvania University of Portsmouth Stanford University United States Department of Energy (DOE) Stanford University University of Sussex Texas AM University United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359 ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor