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Scientific societies or associations are quite an under-researched issue. Science studies have historically paid much more attention to nonformalised collectives in science: the "republic of science" of Polanyi (1962), the "scientific community" of Hagstrom (1965) and Merton (1973), the "invisible colleges" of Crane (1972), the "scientific field" of Bourdieu (1975), or the "transepistemic arenas" of Knorr-Cetina (1982). Theories of the Mode 2 production of knowledge (Gibbons et al. 1995; Nowotny, Scott and Gibbons 2001) postulate that in contemporary science there is a wider array of institutions taking part in the construction of scientific knowledge, but scientific associations are barely mentioned. Recent literature has devoted considerable attention to the "triple helix" formed by universities, government and industry (Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz 1996; Shinn 2002), but leaving out all other actors involved in science. Most of the existing literature on scientific associations focuses mainly on the historical dimension of scientific societies, such as their role in the birth of modern science (see Merton 1938 or Shapin 1996, for instance) or the genealogy of individual institutions, such as the Royal Society (Hunter 1989). Just a few noteworthy exceptions can be found: for instance, an indepth case study of the Society of German Chemists authored by Rilling (1986), Schimank's (1988) survey of German scientific associations, the studies on the development of international scientific associations by Shofer (1999, 2003). Some published research also deals with particular aspects of scientific associations' activities, such as publishing (Levitan 1979), policy advice (Teich 2002), ethical regulation (Levine and Iutcovich 2003), award giving (Crosland and Galvez 1989), public understanding of science (Rogers 1981), or membership profiles (Mackie 2000). And yet, scientific societies in Europe seem to be gaining momentum both in individual countries (see, for instance, Guinovart 2009 on the Spanish Federation of ...

This paper explores the networks of collaborations that are formed in climate change research, both within the scientific community and with the political and social spheres. It draws on the case of climate change research in a particular national setting, Portugal.

This article discusses the role played by science museums in the public understanding of science in a semi-peripheral country, Portugal. It is based on the assumption that museums are at the intersection of science and society, being strongly influenced by what happens in the scientific
field and in society at large, and that in a globalised world, they are susceptible to both international trends and national specificities. The article describes how in the last decade both the scientific system and the field of science museums have developed in Portugal, whereas visitor
numbers and the connection to society have remained weak. The content analysis of a scientific exhibition on nuclear research and technology shows that the deficit mode of envisaging the relation between science and the public still persists.

HEADHUNTING AND COLONIALISM: ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE CIRCULATION OF HUMAN SKULLS IN THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE, 1870–1930, RICARDO ROQUE, (2010) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 342 pp., ISBN: 9780333919088
SOBRE A POBREZA, AS DESIGUALDADES E A PRIVAÇÃO MATERIAL EM PORTUGAL/POVERTY,
INEQUALITIES AND MATERIAL DEPRIVATION IN PORTUGAL, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTATÍSTICA, (2010) Lisbon, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 200 pp., ISBN: 9789892500812, 5 euros.

Introduction: How the Sociology of Science and Technology Addresses Science and Society Relations (Ana Delicado) -- Part I: Scientists' Research Practices and Responses to Societal Demands -- Norms, Competition, and Visibility in Contemporary Science: The Legacy of Robert K. Merton ( Massimiano Bucchi) -- Re-distributing Responsibility in Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production and Circulation (Thomas Völker) -- How Do Scientists Doing Animal Experimentation View the Co-evolution Between Science and Society? The Swiss Case (Fabienne Crettaz Von Roten) -- Science-Society Relations in a Context of Technological Change: How Scientists Working on Renewable Energy Technologies Perceive Their Role in the Energy Transition (Luís Junqueira) -- Part II: Science Communication and Citizen Participation in Science -- Bringing Science to Public: Is it a Matter for Scientific Associations? (Cristina Palma Conceição) -- Turning the Gaze on Ourselves: Public Communication of Sociology (Ana Delicado) -- Technologies of Participation in Water Plans in Portugal: What kind of Science–Society Relation Are We Talking About? (Sofia Bento & Oriana Rainho Brás) -- Material Trajectories: How issues Come to Matter in a Citizen Conference (Guillem Palà & Miquel Domènech) -- Two Turtles: Children and Autonomy in Participatory Technological Design (Núria Vallès-Peris & Miquel Domènech).

Accepted version. ; This paper presents results of a comparison of media coverage of fusion and fission energy technologies in three countries (Germany, Spain and Portugal) and in the English language international print media addressing transnational elite, from 2008 to 2012. The analysis showed that the accident in Fukushima in March 2010 did not have significant impact on media framing of nuclear fusion in the major part of print media under investigation. In fact, fusion is clearly dissociated from traditional nuclear (fission) energy and from nuclear accidents. It tends to be portrayed as a safe, clean and unlimited source of energy, although less credited when confronted with research costs, technological feasibility and the possibility to be achieved in a reasonable period of time. On the contrary, fission is portrayed as a hazardous source of energy, expensive when compared to research costs of renewables, hardly a long-term energy option, susceptible to contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or rogue military use. Fukushima accident was consistently discussed in the context of safety problems of nuclear power plants and in many cases appeared not as an isolated event but rather as a reminder of previous nuclear disasters such as Three Miles Island and Chernobyl. ; Data presented in this paper was part of a report prepared for the European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) Work programme 2012 WP12-SER-ACIF-1 with its financial support through the IST-UL in the case of Portugal. EFDA does not endorse or take responsibility for the content of this paper.

This article offers a review of research and policy on climate change in Portugal and is organized into three main themes: scientific knowledge and assessment of climate change; policy analysis and evaluation; and public engagement. Modern scientific research on meteorology and climatology started in Portugal in the 1950s and a strong community of researchers in climate science, vulnerabilities, impacts, and adaptation has since developed, particularly in the last decade. Nevertheless, there are still many gaps in research, especially regarding the economic costs of climate change in Portugal and costs and benefits of adaptation. Governmental policies with a strong emphasis on mitigation were introduced at the end of the 1990s. As greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise beyond its Kyoto target for 2012, the country had to resort to the Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms in order to comply. Climate change adaptation policies were introduced in 2010 but are far from being fully implemented. Regarding public engagement with climate change, high levels of concern contrast with limited understanding and rather weak behavioral dispositions to address climate change. Citizens display a heavy reliance on the media as sources of information, which are dominated by a techno-managerial discourse mainly focused on the global level. The final part of the article identifies research gaps and outlines a research agenda. Connections between policy and research are also discussed.

This article offers a review of research and policy on climate change in Portugal and is organized into three main themes: scientific knowledge and assessment of climate change; policy analysis and evaluation; and public engagement. Modern scientific research on meteorology and climatology started in Portugal in the 1950s and a strong community of researchers in climate science, vulnerabilities, impacts, and adaptation has since developed, particularly in the last decade. Nevertheless, there are still many gaps in research, especially regarding the economic costs of climate change in Portugal and costs and benefits of adaptation. Governmental policies with a strong emphasis on mitigation were introduced at the end of the 1990s. As greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise beyond its Kyoto target for 2012, the country had to resort to the Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms in order to comply. Climate change adaptation policies were introduced in 2010 but are far from being fully implemented. Regarding public engagement with climate change, high levels of concern contrast with limited understanding and rather weak behavioral dispositions to address climate change. Citizens display a heavy reliance on the media as sources of information, which are dominated by a techno-managerial discourse mainly focused on the global level. The final part of the article identifies research gaps and outlines a research agenda. Connections between policy and research are also discussed ; COMPETE: ...

Cet article discute l'utilisation d'Internet par les enfants à la maison, ainsi que les rapports entre adultes et enfants qui en résultent. Une enquête par questionnaire, portant sur des enfants âgés de 8 à 17 ans a été réalisée au Portugal, complétée par des entretiens menés auprès d'enfants du même âge, de parents et de professeurs. Quatre dimensions sont abordées : la caractérisation de la « maison technologique », les modalités d'accès à Internet, l'apprentissage et la diffusion de savoirs ainsi que la construction de règles d'usage d'Internet, l'importance des réseaux familiaux de sociabilité en ligne. L'article souligne la place de la technologie dans la reconfiguration des univers de l'enfance, de la famille et de l'ordre générationnel contemporains, aussi bien que la relance du rôle de la famille comme lieu de production et de transmission de savoirs (numériques en l'occurrence) entre générations.

Sendo as associações científicas um tema pouco estudado dentro da Sociologia da Ciência, este desinteresse reflecte-se num conhecimento limitado da sua extensão e do seu papel no sistema científico e tecnológico nacional.Este artigo tem por objectivo apresentar uma caracterização destas organizações, tendo em conta a sua constituição, os seus recursos e as actividades que desenvolvem, sustentada num recenseamento das associações, na análise dos seus estatutos e num inquérito por questionário aplicado às mesmas.Os resultados obtidos mostram que o número de associações científicas tem crescido a ritmo acelerado desde os anos 80, concentrado nos principais centros de produção científica nacional. No que diz respeito à sua constituição e às actividades que desenvolvem, as associações científicas portuguesas revelam uma diversidade que nos permite caracterizá-las não só como lugares de comunicação entre pares, mas também como pontos de contacto entre a ciência e a sociedade.