Suchergebnisse

"This book demonstrates how people were kept ignorant by censorship and indoctrinated by propaganda. Censorship suppressed all information that criticized the army and government, that might trouble the population or weaken its morale. Propaganda at home emphasized the superiority of the fatherland, explained setbacks by blaming scapegoats, vilified and ridiculed the enemy, warned of the disastrous consequences of defeat and extolled duty and sacrifice. The propaganda message also infiltrated entertainment and the visual arts. Abroad it aimed to demoralize enemy troops and stir up unrest among national minorities and other marginalized groups. The many illustrations and organograms provide a clear visual demonstration of Demm's argument."--Bloomsbury Publishing

During the Russian Revolution of 1905, Juozas Gabrys alias Paršaitis already played an active political role as leader of the "Farmer's Union"and one of the three secretaries of the "Great Diet of Vilnius". Because of Russian repression he had to emigrate to Western Europe and in 1907 settled down in Paris, where he soon established an important political network. In 1911, he founded the "Lithuanian Information Bureau" and, together with the French journalist Jean Pélissier, the "Union des Nationalités" and its journal, the "Annales des Nationalités". His aim was to achieve independence through propaganda, not only for the Lithuanians, but also for the other oppressed nationalities in Europe. World War I offered him a great chance to realize his aim.However, as France was allied with Russia he was obliged in July 1915 to move to Lausanne in neutral Switzerland. Here he was free to organize, with only seven employees, a vast propaganda campaign to liberate Lithuania from the Russian yoke. He published three specialist periodicals but also succeeded in flooding more than 50 European newspapers with Lithuanian propaganda. He also organized several conferences the most important being the 3rd "Conference of Nationalities" on June 1916 in Lausanne, where more than 400 delegates from various nationalities denounced their oppression by Russia and Britain. He was financed by Lithuanian emigrants in America and by the German Embassy in Berne, but his greatest exploit was the world-wide collect in support of Lithuanian war victims during "Lithuanian Day" on 20 May 1917 organized by the Catholic Church, which made this "Ethnic Entrepreneur" a millionaire.His influence on political events – the creation of the "Taryba" (Lithuanian Council) and the proclamation of the independence of Lithuania as German satellite state in March 1918 – was negligible. He supported the Taryba against the oppressive German military occupation regime but neglected to create a personal power base in Lithuania, and when after the German defeat, ...

Für die Diskussion um Alfred Webers Beziehungen zum Nationalsozialismus werden zusätzliche Archivdokumente und politische Publikationen Webers aus der Weimarer Republik herangezogen. Damit wird die Betrachtung von Webers Auseinandersetzung mit Nationalsozialismus und Faschismus zeitlich verlängert bis zur Weimarer Republik bzw. zum Zusammenbruch des Dritten Reiches und der Zeit nach 1945. Webers Rolle bei der Entnazifizierung der Universität Heidelberg und sein Einsatz für die politische und demokratische Neugestaltung Deutschlands werden herausgearbeitet. Es wird hervorgehoben, wie noch in den 50er Jahren Habilitanten und Doktoranden der Weberschen Schule in politische Hochschulintrigen verwickelt wurden, die von NS-belasteten Hochschulangehörigen ausgingen. Vor diesem Hintergrund erklärt sich auch, warum die historische Soziologie Weimarer Prägung trotz der Reaktivierung ihrer Vertreter nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg keine Fortsetzer mehr fand. (prf)