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PrefaceAcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroduction1 'Disappearing' in International Context: Memory, Silence, and the Law2 The Victims: Mobilisation, the Politics of Victimhood, and Constructing the 'Disappeared'3 The Republican Movement: Rationalising, Leadership, and Resolving the 'Disappeared.'4 The Community: Rumour, Whispers, and 'Bystander Complicity'5 'Quiet' Transitional Justice and 'Disappearing'6 Acknowledgement, Truth, and the Collective Memory of the 'Disappeared'Conclusion: 'Disappearing' and Transitional Justice -- Lessons from Northern Ireland List of IntervieweesBibliographyIndex

This book employs a transitional justice lens to address the 'disappearances' that occurred during the Northern Ireland conflict--or 'Troubles'--and the post-conflict response to these 'disappearances.' Despite an extensive literature around 'dealing with the past' in Northern Ireland, as well as a substantial body of scholarship on 'disappearances' in other national contexts, there has been little scholarly scrutiny of 'disappearances' in post-conflict Northern Ireland. Although the Good Friday Agreement brought relative peace to Northern Ireland, no provision was made for the establishment of some form of overarching truth and reconciliation commission aimed at comprehensively addressing the legacy of violence. Nevertheless, a mechanism to recover the remains of the 'disappeared'--the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains (ICLVR)--was established, and has in fact proven to be quite effective. As a result, the reactions of key constituencies to the 'disappearances' can be used as a prism through which to comprehensively explore issues of relevance to transitional justice scholars and practitioners. Pursuing an interdisciplinary approach, and based on extensive empirical research, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of the responses of these constituencies to the practice of 'disappearing.' It engages with transitional justice themes including silence, memory, truth, acknowledgement, and apology. Key issues examined include the mobilisation efforts of families of the 'disappeared,' efforts by a (former) non-state armed group to address its legacy of violence, the utility of a limited immunity mechanism to incentivise information provision, and the interplay between silence and memory in the shaping of a collective, societal understanding of the 'disappeared.'

There is a pragmatic value to developing Transitional Justice (TJ) processes quietly. At first glance, such 'quietness' may seem to contradict the principles often associated with TJ, such as 'publicness', openness and the leaving behind of secrecy and silence. However, I argue that behind-the-scenes efforts and processes are an often-overlooked part of more public-facing TJ mechanisms, and that their quiet nature raises questions that should be more fully understood, particularly around the notions of trust and legitimacy. This article introduces the notion of 'quiet' TJ, drawing on the example of the establishment of the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains – established to locate the remains of Northern Ireland's 'disappeared'. I argue that quiet diplomatic efforts in the development of legislation, and the 'quiet' passage of that legislation, facilitated the development of a workable mechanism which has, to a large extent, been effective, has facilitated (limited) truth recovery and the development of trust and can be argued to have legitimacy.

The relationship between the environment and mass violence is complex and multi-faceted. The effects of environmental degradation can destabilize societies and cause conflict. Attacks on the environment can harm targeted groups, and both mass violence and subsequent transitions can have harmful environmental legacies. Given this backdrop, it is notable that the field of transitional justice has paid relatively little attention to the intersections between mass violence and environmental degradation. This article interrogates this inattention and explores the limitations and possibilities of transitional justice as a means of addressing the environmental harms associated with mass violence. The article makes four key claims. First, that the "dominance of legalism" in transitional justice has produced anthropocentric understandings of harm which exclude environmental harms and victims. Second, that transitional justice's tendency towards neo-colonialism has led to the disregarding of worldviews that might encourage more environmentally inclusive responses to violence. Third, that transitional justice's inability to redress structural inequalities has often left environmental injustices intact. And fourth, that the field's complicity in normalizing neoliberal capitalism both overlooks environmental harm and facilitates future environmental degradation. In light of these claims, the article considers whether, and where opportunities might exist, for "greener" responses to mass violence.

This article examines victim representation in former atrocity sites in Cambodia. It concentrates on Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek, two prominent sites for the detention and torture of suspected enemies of the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime and the subsequent creation of mass graves. These sites of trauma, memory, and transitional justice are inextricably linked to the experiences of victims. Yet, the voice of victims, their visibility, and authentic representations of the past are not always centred in Cambodia's atrocity sites. Drawing on empirical fieldwork in Cambodia and an interdisciplinary literature, this article interrogates the intersections between selectivity, visibility, and authenticity in sites of atrocity associated with the Cambodian genocide. As this paper demonstrates, engaging with these themes of selectivity, visibility, and authenticity, and by extension issues of, for example, "who" is recognized as a victim, "how" responsibility for past horrors is represented, "which" sites become tourist facing attractions, and "why" certain narratives of the past are prioritized, is essential to recognizing the rights, humanity, and dignity of victims and survivors.