Suchergebnisse

Cultural tourism is a very important tourism segment, which has been recording constant growth. The core of cultural tourism is a willingness to become familiar with other nations, cultures, and customs. Visiting monuments and memorials are the most common way to learn about foreign history and art. The monuments built during the existence of the Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia represent prominent heritage, but also unique artistic achievements in European architecture from XX century. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the heritage from the mentioned period, to compare the current state with the "golden" Yugoslav period and to propose strategies for the future tourism development. During the Yugoslav period, these monuments and memorials had commemorative, educative, and propaganda purpose. The major memorials were visited yearly by millions of people, so they also became important tourist attractions. After the disintegration of SFR Yugoslavia, these monuments were forgotten and neglected due to new political order. They became an unwanted legacy unknown for the visitors out of the territory of the former state union. Observing the global tourism demand, these memorials could be valorized through several forms of tourist activities (thematic routes, dark tourism, events, etc.). Furthermore, the transnational cooperation with the former Yugoslav republics could enable creating regional tours, which would be recognizable at the international level.

The competitiveness of tourist destinations is a phenomenon of 21st century. Comparative advantage of destinations on the market is determined by factors of production i.e. natural (inherited) and created (infrastructure). In the paper is carried out a comparative analysis of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, the candidates of the European Union, Serbia, Montenegro and FYR Macedonia. For monitoring the competitiveness it was used a model that has been developed by The World Economic Forum for the purpose of Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). The model covers 14 key indicators based on data from numerous national and international institutions such as World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), World & Travel Tourism Council (WTTC), The International Air Transport Association (IATA), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

Protected natural assets have a significant role in urban areas. Daily influence of anthropogenic factors reduces the environmental quality of the cities. The social awareness of nature conservation for the present and future generations is becoming more developed. Therefore, the green zones are significant on the one hand for the daily functioning of the population, and on the other hand as part of the tourist offer. The aim of this paper is inventarization and valorization of protected natural assets in the City of Belgrade, in order to create integrated tourist offer. We used the available domestic and international literature dealing with the issue of tourism development in urban areas, as well as existing spatial planning legislation. The results showed that, with adequate management, natural resources in urban areas could sustain the ecological function, but also could develop additional, such as tourism function. This paper analysis will help the organization of tourism activities by relevant state institutions.

La investigación tiene por objetivo determinar cómo los turistas perciben la crisis de seguridad en la región MENA y en qué medida afecta al proceso de decisión de viaje. Se realizó entre los residentes jóvenes y de mediana edad serbios. La encuesta hizo un seguimiento de las características demográficas y socioeconómicas de los encuestados, sus hábitos de viaje y actitudes hacia la situación de seguridad en el Mediterráneo. El público objetivo es muy consciente de la situación de seguridad. Las pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas revelaron las diferencias de género en la percepción del riesgo. Aunque la reubicación de la demanda turística de Serbia se ha producido como consecuencia de la crisis, la investigación muestra que la situación de seguridad no es un factor decisivo en la selección del destino.

The study examines how tourists perceive the security crisis in the MENA region and to what extent it affects their travel decision process. It is based on a survey conducted among Serbian young adult and younger middle-aged residents. The survey tracked the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, their travel habits and attitudes towards the security situation in the Mediterranean. The research shows that the target population is well-aware of the current security situation. The non-parametric statistical tests conducted reveal differences by gender in risk perception. Even though a relocation of tourism demand in Serbia has occurred because of the security crisis, the study findings indicate that the security situation is not a decisive factor in destination selection. ; La investigación tiene por objetivo determinar cómo los turistas perciben la crisis de seguridad en la región MENA y en qué medida afecta al proceso de decisión de viaje. Se realizó entre los residentes jóvenes y de mediana edad serbios. La encuesta hizo un seguimiento de las características demográficas y socioeconómicas de los encuestados, sus hábitos de viaje y actitudes hacia la situación de seguridad en el Mediterráneo. El público objetivo es muy consciente de la situación de seguridad. Las pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas revelaron las diferencias de género en la percepción del riesgo. Aunque la reubicación de la demanda turística de Serbia se ha producido como consecuencia de la crisis, la investigación muestra que la situación de seguridad no es un factor decisivo en la selección del destino.

Tourism sustainability is a ubiquitous topic of scientific circles. To this day, there is controversy about the environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability of this global industry. Although selective forms are increasingly being promoted, mass tourism is still dominant, with many consequences. Its impacts are especially visible in small and sensitive areas, with many visitors and associated infrastructure (uncontrolled urbanization). Therefore, this paper aims to point out the sustainability of its development in the area of the mountain center Zlatibor in southwestern Serbia. As one of the most visited destinations after the capital of Belgrade and Vrnjačka Banja Spa, in the last two decades have been under increasing pressure that exceeds its capacity. The European Union methodology for comparative indicators of sustainable tourism was used. The survey was supplemented by an analysis of official statistics. The obtained results highlighted numerous problems in terms of environmental sustainability (red zone), while a significantly better situation was observed in terms of a social and economic system. In this way, this research can be a starting point for key tourism policymakers and future development directions.

There are numerous pull forces that determine destination choice. In the contemporary turbulent conditions, safety and security risks have a growing role. This is particularly evident in the Mediterranean region, bearing in mind that the political crisis in the Arab world has reflected in this region as the largest receptive market. Therefore, the study has been conducted to determine which factors are the most important in the process of choosing a destination and whether the recent crises have affected travel habits. In addition to the descriptive statistics, the data obtained by the Likert scale were analyzed by independent samples t-test in SPSS. The results have revealed that price, service quality, and risk-related issues are the main parameters of destination choice. In this regard, the respondents expressed their understanding of contemporary security risks in the Mediterranean (terrorist acts, militant groups, migration crisis, etc.). The research also showed the influence of different sources of information on travel habits, primarily word-of-mouth process, and mass media. The crisis has affected the demand allocation, but not trip cancellation. Based on the abovementioned we can conclude that safety and security risks are not the only and decisive factor but represent an important parameter in the destination choice.

The tourism industry has recorded significant results both in the world and at the level of individual countries. The tourism destination policy is realized through the adoption of appropriate regulations and supporting documents. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to evaluate the Serbian legislation in this field, with an emphasis on the Law on Tourism. An analysis of the current regulations (laws, strategies, master plans, and rule books) was carried out. The results pointed to the key tourist products and sites followed by statistical data. At the same time, the organization of the tourism and hospitality sector was presented, with the rights and obligations of all stakeholders. It was pointed out the significance of the Tourism Registry as a unique base in Serbian tourism. Finally, through the SWOT analysis, all good and bad aspects of this sector were presented as well as possible challenges in the future.

Nowadays, tourism is one of the leading activities both at the global and the local level. However, the continuous mass tourism development, especially in the second half of the 20th century, apart from positive economic effects, has caused numerous problems. They relate primarily to environmental, but also socio-cultural challenges that are incompatible with the concept of sustainable development presented at the Rio conference in the early 1990s. Therefore, the empirical research encompassed the area of Zlatibor tourist center located in Central Serbia. Due to the emphasized natural and cultural values, it is one of the most visited resorts after Belgrade and Vrnjačka Banja. The aim of this paper is to point out the tourism sustainability in this area and the possibilities for its improvement. In that context, we applied European Union five group comparative indicators. For this purpose, the data from statistical yearbooks as well as the existing spatial-planning documents were used. Additionally, the data of Regional development agency regarding visitor satisfaction were also evaluated. The research results showed that the tourism situation in this area designated as critical (red zone) in respect of certain socio-cultural and environmental indicators. On the other hand, significantly better results were achieved in terms of economic indicators and tourist satisfaction. Finally, these indicators can serve stakeholders in order to ensure destination sustainability and its competitiveness in the future.

In the literature, experts point out that the term sustainable development is often mistaken for similar terms and that there is no single framework for managing it (Lele, 1991). According to Daly (1990) countries that have high rates of per-capita resource usage frequently have low rates of demographic growth and their aim is more consumption control than population control and vice versa. Issues raised decades ago are still current – how to manage environmental degradation in poverty affected areas or the confusing role of economic growth on today's margins of environmental sustainability. At the 2012 Rio Summit, it was suggested that the world adopt a set of Sustainable Development Goals. These goals should include economic development, environmental sustainability and social inclusion (Sachs, 2012). The economy in Serbia has been developed in the capital city and several other smaller towns, mostly along the Pomoravlje area (Babović et al., 2016b). Such centralized economic development is an obstacle to sustainable development. Administratively, there are 25 areas in Serbia, and in most of them a percentage of the active population that performs occupation is 30–35. The highest percentage is in the Kolubarska area (42%) and the lowest is in the Toplička area (24%). The percentage of the economically inactive population is around 60 in most areas. The highest value is in the Toplička area (65%) and the best situation is in the Kolubarska area (52%). A small number of residents do occupations and almost two-thirds of the population are dependents, in all areas. On the other hand, The Government of the Republic of Serbia adopted, in 2008, National Sustainable Development Strategy with a goal to "lead to balance three key factors…, linking them to a whole supported by institutional framework" (Vasić, 2004:6). Can one speak of sustainable development, especially the well-being of the population, if in many areas the economic predispositions are very low? The differences between development and living conditions are even greater if we descend from the area level to the municipal level. Economic underdevelopment and depopulation of settlements are certainly a major brake on sustainable development (Babović et al., 2016a).Some experts, such as Filipović (2012) and Jednak and Kragulj (2015) proposed a knowledge-based economy as a way of sustainable development in Serbia. We should work on a larger raise environmental awareness among citizens and involve them more in decision-making at the local level. Shutting down the economy in small towns and leaving the population is in favour of the environment, but this again is not a sustainable solution. The well-being of the population is a component that needs to be institutionalized at the local government level and should involve all stakeholders. As a country actively working to join the European Union, Serbia must more actively pursue a sustainable development policy at all administrative levels.

This study discusses tourism as a means of regional development by focusing on specific cultural indicators. In this paper, we are dealing with the case of the Djerdap National Park – the largest national park in Serbia and one of the most popular of the country's destinations. This area has an extraordinary diversity of geomorphological forms, it is rich in cultural and historical monuments. At the same time, this area is sparsely populated and is demonstrating an insufficient economic growth. For our analysis, we apply comparative indicators to measure sustainable regional tourism development that were proposed by the European Union's experts. This set of indicators consists of five groups and includes the ratio of accommodation capacities to the number of local inhabitants and the intensity of tourism. Our calculations are based on the statistical data on accommodation capacities and the tourist traffic provided in several municipalities. These data are provided by the Statistical Office of Serbia (2015). We also use the 2011 census data on the number of local inhabitants. We have found that the ratio of accommodation capacities to the number of local inhabitants in Djerdap is in the so-called 'green' zone, which shows the sustainability of tourism in this region and an insignificant impact that tourism has on the cultural identity of the local community. The intensity of tourism in Djerdap is in the 'red' zone, however, which demonstrates an alarming trend and requires further analysis, especially regarding the carrying capacity of the area. Thus, the conclusion is made that the development of tourism in Djerdap should be balanced with the protection of natural resources.

Local markets have been a special setting throughout human history. Apart from their important social role, they had immeasurable economic importance as primary forms of exchange of goods (trade). Nonetheless, they experienced numerous transformational changes that affected their functioning. Like other countries, Serbia has a long tradition of market activity. However, several novelties have been introduced in recent years. Among many, the process of e-fiscalization is the main issue. Therefore, the focus of our research is based on a qualitative analysis of online media content (news and comments) related to the fiscalization of market activity. The attitudes of different categories of participants (state authorities, vendors, and customers) were analyzed. LIGRE open-access software was used for this purpose. The results of the analysis showed conflicting parties. Legislators emphasize the exclusive positive effects, while vendors point to the negative side of fiscalization. As a third party, customers (service users) have an undefined attitude in relation to fiscalization (pros/cons/neutral). There is an agreement to introduce market activity into legal flows. However, the key prerequisite is the prior resolution of a number of problems (working conditions, business costs, market monopoly, etc.).

Former industrial communities in the Iron Gates area are facing development challenges. At the same time, examples of successful redevelopment in such communities exist both internationally and in the Danube region. The project aims at using a transdisciplinary case study method in order to: identify and analyze existing redevelopment initiatives, select pilot communities in the project region and negotiate with them development scenarios for economic revitalization. The main scientific and practical outputs will include a system model of possible sustainable revival in former industrial communities and a practical Tool Kit for community-based local redevelopment. ; Danube: Future project is a Flagship Project of the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region, in the Priority Area 'Knowledge Society'. Danube: Future is a joint network project of the Danube Rector's Conference (DRC) and the Alps-Adriatic Rector's Conference (AARC), co-funded by the Central European Initiative (CEI) Cooperation Fund.