Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 ECOLOGICAL MECHANICS An Introduction -- Mechanics and Ecology Combined: Coral Reefs -- Response Functions -- Transport Phenomena -- What's in a Name? -- What's Left Out -- A Road Map -- Online Supplements -- A Note on Notation -- Part I Basic Concepts -- Chapter 2 BASIC PHYSICS AND MATH -- Location -- Dimensions and Units of Measure -- Converting Units -- Trigonometry -- Translation -- Translational Velocity -- Translational Acceleration -- Rotation -- Force and Translational Acceleration -- Moment and Rotational Acceleration -- Momentum -- Pressure -- Buoyancy -- Energy -- Conservation of Energy -- Friction -- Power -- Summary -- Chapter 3 RESPONSE FUNCTIONS -- Concepts and Terminology -- Monotonic Functions -- Peaks and Valleys: Unimodal Response Functions -- Complications -- Jensen's Inequality: The Fallacy of the Average -- Linear versus Nonlinear -- The Effects of Nonlinearity -- Concepts and Conclusions -- Part II The Mechanics of Transport -- Chapter 4 DIFFUSION Random Motion and its Consequences -- Rules of a Random Walk -- Average Position -- Dispersion: The Variance of Position -- The Diffusion Coefficient -- What Drives Random Walks? -- Fick's Equation -- The Maximum Size of Phytoplankton -- Concepts and Conclusions -- Chapter 5 AN INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS -- Shear -- What Is a Fluid? -- Liquids and Gases -- Dynamic Viscosity -- Viscous Friction -- Reynolds Number -- Conservation of Mass and Volume -- Streamlines -- Conservation of Energy: Bernoulli's Principle -- Concepts, Conclusions, and Caveats -- Chapter 6 BOUNDARY LAYERS I Equilibrium Layers -- Basic Concepts -- Laminar Boundary Layers: An Introduction -- Moment and Rotation -- Turbulent Boundary Layers: An Introduction.

Overview: In today's world of online maps and travel directions delivered wirelessly to hand-held devices, getting from place to place requires little thought from most of us-which is a good thing, since accurate navigation can be tricky. Get your bearings with Mark Denny-an expert at explaining scientific concepts in non-technical language-in this all-encompassing look at the history and science of navigation. Denny's tour kicks off with key facts about the earth and how its physical properties affect travel. He discusses cartography and early mapmakers, revealing fascinating tidbits such as how changes over time of the direction of true north, as well as of magnetic north, impacted navigation. Denny details the evolution of navigation from the days of coastal piloting to GPS and other modern-day technologies. He explains the scientific breakthroughs in accessible, amusing terms and provides an insightful look at their effects on societies, cultures, and human advancement. Throughout, Denny frames the long history of navigation with amazing tales of such people as Pytheas, an ancient Greek navigator, and Sir Francis Drake and of such discoveries as the magnetic compass and radio direction finding. Whether you have an interest in orienteering and geocaching or want to know more about the critical role navigation has played in human survival and progress since ancient people learned to use lodestones, The Science of Navigation is for you. With it you'll finally understand the why of wayfinding.

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Tidepools and rocky shores are among the most physically stressful environments on earth. When the tide is high, waves can sweep over plants and animals at velocities as high as 60 miles per hour, while at low tide, the same organisms dry up and bake in the sun. Yet despite this seeming inhospitality, tidepools and rocky shores are exceptionally complex and biologically diverse. This comprehensive encyclopedia is an authoritative, one-stop reference for everyone interested in the biology and ecology of this fascinating and uniquely accessible environment. Conveniently arranged alphabetically, nearly 200 wide-ranging entries written in clear language by scientists from around the world provide a state-of-the-art picture of tidepools and rocky shore science. From Abalones, Barnacles, and Climate Change through Seagrasses, Tides, and Wind, the articles discuss the animals and plants that live in tidepools, the physics and chemistry of the rocky shore environment, the ecological principles that govern tidepools, and many other interdisciplinary topics. * Generously illustrated with hundreds of color photographs, drawings, and diagrams * The only comprehensive volume available on tidepools and rocky shores * Articles include in-depth looks at animal and algal diversity and overviews of the history of research, rocky shore management, and conservation * Contributors are experts on physics and physical oceanography, experimental ecology, population genetics, taxonomy, and other disciplines