Suchergebnisse

There is a growing public and political interest in effects of agricultural policy on income distribution in the agricultural sector. However, tools for an ex-ante analysis of impacts of sectoral or macroeconomic policies on the individual farm income level can hardly be found for the agricultural sector. Most of the literature regarding redistributive effects of agricultural policy is ex-post and static in nature. Against this background, the main objective of this paper is to develop a tool that is able to consistently assess impacts of sectoral policy on individual farm incomes, thereby building up on existing approaches of model coupling and taking behavioural effects into account. For illustrative purposes redistributive effects of different liberalization scenarios of European agricultural policy on the West German agricultural sector are analysed. The analysis of inequality effects based on individual data is compared to an analysis based on more aggregate farm groups. It is revealed that the amount of inequality may be seriously underestimated when only taking grouped data into account. Redistributive effects of liberalization scenarios differ slighty in absolute terms and more in relative terms.

European Union (EU) policymakers have persistently supported first-generation biofuels despite the clearly emerging picture of small or even negative green house gas mitigation effects. This leads to the conclusion that support is driven by other objectives, for example income effects. Against this background, the main objective of this article is to analyse the income effects of abolishing biofuel policies, as well as to explore the link between these effects and lobbying decisions taken by farmers' associations representing different groups of German farmers. Income effects are estimated for different farm types and regions, and differences between farm net value added and family farm income are analysed. To understand the link between income effects and lobbying decisions, our quantitative results are compared with the biofuel policy positions of different farmers' associations. Our results suggest that, in the long run, average income effects are small, especially if the ownership of production factors is accounted for in the income calculation. Many farms show losses if biofuel support is abolished, but others even benefit from lower rental costs and experience positive income effects. Farmers' associations seem to be able to well assess the income effects of EU biofuel policy for different types of farms.