Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONSUMER SUBSIDIES -- FIGURE -- 1. Distribution of Fuel Subsidy by Income Quintile -- TABLE -- 1. Fiscal Cost of Consumer Subsidies (2016-17) -- References -- CHALLENGES FACING CORRESPONDENT BANKING WITH SUDAN -- A. The Roll Back of Economic Sanctions against Sudan -- B. Prospects for Re-connecting Sudanese Banks with the International Financial System -- C. Possible Remedial Measures for a Balanced Recovery of CBRS in Sudan -- BOX -- 1. Economic Sanctions Against Sudan -- FIGURES -- 1. Surveys in CBRS -- 2. LCs Positions in Foreign Currency -- 3. CBRS by Country -- 4. CBRS per Currency -- References -- REVISION OF GDP DATA FOR STAFF ANALYSIS -- A. Introduction -- B. Compiling Revised Estimates of Expenditure-Side GDP data -- C. Projections for 2017-22 -- D. Conclusion -- References.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- FISCAL ADJUSTMENT-SCOPE AND PACE -- A. Introduction -- B. Fiscal Space Analysis -- C. Fiscal Anchors for Resource Rich Countries -- D. Conclusions -- References -- BOX -- 1. Fiscal Adjustment Experience in the 1980s and 1990s -- FIGURES -- 1. Evolution in Government Spending (2004-16) -- 2. International Bond Yields -- 3. Baseline, Fiscal Expansionary, and Oil Price Shock Scenarios -- 4. Structural Balance Estimates -- 5. Projected and Sustainable Non-oil Primary Deficit -- TABLES -- 1. Initial Macroeconomic Conditions -- 2. Initial Structural Conditions -- 3. Financing Sources and Availability -- 4. Debt Dynamics -- 5. Fiscal Space Under Expansionary Fiscal Scenario -- 6. Overall, Non-oil, and Structural Fiscal Balances -- WHY HAS INFLATION DECLINED IN SAUDI ARABIA? -- A. Introduction -- B. Inflation in Saudi Arabia -- C. Estimating the Determinants of Inflation -- D. Results -- E. Conclusions -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Recent Inflation Developments -- 2. Drivers of Inflation in Saudi Arabia -- 3. Historical Fit Between Actual and Model Predicted Inflation -- TABLE -- 1. Vector Error Correction Estimates: Determinants of Inflation -- APPENDICES -- I. Literature Table -- II. Measuring the Output Gap -- III. Determinants of Core Inflation -- APPENDIX TABLES -- 1. Various Methods Were Employed to Calculate Potential GDP -- 2. Vector Error Correction Estimates: Determinants of Core Inflation.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- MEASURING THE FISCAL REVENUE COST OF CONFLICT IN AFGHANISTAN -- A. Overview -- B. Data on Conflict and Revenue in Afghanistan -- C. Estimation Method -- D. Estimated Impact of Conflict on National Revenue -- E. Conclusion -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Regional Casualties -- 2. Development of ISAF Troop Strength -- 3. International Comparitions of Conflict Violence -- 4. Revenue-GDP Ratio 2005-16 -- 5. Estimated Provincial Effect of a Doubling of Violence -- 6. Estimated National Flow Revenue Loss from Conflict -- TABLE -- 1. Dynamic Panel Regression Results -- AFGHANISTAN'S INTEGRATION IN REGIONAL TRADE: A STOCKTAKING -- A. External Trade Performance -- B. Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Trade Cooperation -- C. Transport Connectivity -- D. Energy Transmission Hub -- E. Challenges -- F. Policies -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Trade Balance -- 2. Logistics Performance Index -- 3. Doing Business Report -- 4. Time to Export -- 5. Trade and Transit Corridors -- TABLES -- 1. Afghanistan's Participation in Regional Economic Organizations -- 2. Afghanistan's Participation in Major Regional Connectiity Projects -- FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ACCESS IN AFGHANISTAN -- A. Introduction -- B. Afghanistan's Financial Sector -- C. Financial Inclusion in FCA Countries -- D. Financial Inclusion in Afghanistan -- E. Conclusions -- References -- BOXES -- 1. Key Facts About Afghanistan's Financial Sector -- 2. Promoting Financial Literacy: Country Examples -- FIGURES -- 1. Financial Sector Depth and Development, 2014 -- 2. Self-Reported Barriers to Use of Formal Accounts -- 3. Percentage of Adults with a Loan Outstanding for Specified Purpose -- 4. Indicators of Financial Access -- 5. Branches, ATMs, and Other Facilities -- 6. Percent of Firms with a Checking or Savings Account -- 7. Percent of Firms with a Bank Loan/Line of Credit.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- REINING IN CURRENT EXPENDITURE TO CREATE FISCAL SPACE FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH -- A. Introduction -- B. Public Sector Wages -- C. Social Welfare Schemes-Pensions -- D. Social Welfare Schemes-Other Programs -- E. Subsidies-Public Distribution Systems -- F. Subsidies-Energy Subsidies -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. A Large Public Sector Dominates the Economy -- 2. The Public-Sector Wage Bill is Driven by Poorly Controlled Hiring and Generous Benefits -- 3. The Health and Education Sectors are Struggling -- TAX AND CUSTOMS POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION-REFORM PRIORITIES -- A. Motivation and Context -- B. Tax Collection is Very Low in Iraq -- C. The Structure of the Iraqi Tax System: Overview and Reform Priorities -- D. Other Proposals to Raise Non-Oil Tax Revenue -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Tax Burden and Tax Composition in Iraq, 2007-16 -- 2. Comparative Tax Ratios: Iraq and Comparators (Regional Averages) -- 3. Customs Tariffs (HS Code) Broken Down by Tariff Line and Number of Import Goods Per Tariff Line -- ANNEXES -- I. Comparative Tax Indicators: A Cross-Country Exposition-Expanded Dataset -- II. Iraq's Dependence on Hydrocarbons, Relative to Other Oil Exporters in the Middle East.