Suchergebnisse

This article discusses the mostly recent legal instrument of The International Climate Change Regime, nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of the Paris Agreement. This instrument was adopted in Paris, 2015, the agreement in itself does not explain in sufficient detail how Parties intend to achieve yours NDCs, the role of the Paris Rulebook. It was therefore questioned how does the Paris Rule Book address the bottom-up paradigm, that is, it instrumentalizes Article 4:2 of the Paris Agreement? The main goal was defined: to demonstrate the bottom-up paradigm normative. In order to achieve the main objective, the following specific objectives were defined: We've contextualized the UNFCCC regime; and we presented the instrumentation of Article 4:2 of the Agreement by the Paris Rules Book. This study has utilized like method research: the theoretical research, the problem was approached in a qualitative way, its purpose is to describe the legal phenomenon by technical procedures of bibliographic review, with systematic interpretation. We have concluded that, in general, the NDCs depend of the key elements the Paris's Agreement. At last auto determination is the bone of NDCs, for this reason the further guidance relating to greenhouse gas mitigation seem to us to political decision-making, does not about scientific evidence or due to the need to contain global temperature, the NDC's effectiveness in halting the global temperature increase is under construction. ; A pesquisa aborda a instrumentalização do paradigma ascendente no regime internacional de mudanças climáticas, as contribuições nacionalmente determinadas (CNDs) do Acordo de Paris. Esse não apresenta detalhes do procedimento das CNDs, essas lacunas foram supridas pelo Livro de Regras de Paris. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo foi guiado pelo seguinte questionamento: como o Livro de Regras de Paris aborda o paradigma ascendente, ou seja, instrumentaliza o art. 4:2 do Acordo de Paris? Definiu-se como objetivo geral evidenciar o paradigma normativo. A fim de alcançar o objetivo geral, delimitou-se como objetivos específicos: contextualizar o regime das Nações Unidas sobre de mudanças climáticas, e elucidar a instrumentação do art. 4:2 do Acordo pelo Livro de Regras de Paris. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, cujo problema foi abordado de maneira qualitativa e tem por finalidade descrever o fenômeno jurídico por procedimentos técnicos de revisão bibliográfica com interpretação sistemática. Considera-se que, sendo um instrumento, as CNDs dependem dos três elementos essenciais do Acordo. Sendo a autodeterminação norteadora das contribuições, conclui-se que os procedimentos de mitigações de gases de efeito estufa são processos de decisão política, não técnica ou por necessidade da contenção da temperatura global, e que é instrumento ainda em construção.

The European Commission's recently published 'Farm to Fork' strategy seeks to facilitate a transition towards a sustainable food system. The strategy moves from a linear understanding of the food system towards a more circular view of the system's complex interdependencies. Despite these laudable intentions, it does not follow the guidance of the EU's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors that the path to a more sustainable food system requires 'moving from food as a commodity to food as more of a common good'. Drawing on our recent experience as authors of an Evidence Review Report on the European food system, we discuss how different framings of food shape the development of food policy, using the 'Farm to Fork' strategy as a key example.

The Energy-Water-Food Nexus is one of the most complex sustainability challenges faced by the world. This is particularly true in Brazil, where insufficiently understood interactions within the Nexus are contributing to large-scale deforestation and land-use change, water and energy scarcity, and increased vulnerability to climate change. The reason is a combination of global environmental change and global economic change, putting unprecedented pressures on the Brazilian environment and ecosystems. In this paper, we identify and discuss the main Nexus challenges faced by Brazil across sectors (e.g. energy, agriculture, water) and scales (e.g. federal, state, municipal). We use four case studies to explore all nodes of the Nexus. For each, we analyse data from economic and biophysical modelling sources in combination with an overview of the legislative and policy landscape, in order to identify governance shortcomings in the context of growing challenges. We analyse the complex interdependence of developments at the global and local (Brazilian) levels, highlighting the impact of global environmental and economic change on Brazil and, conversely, that of developments in Brazil for other countries and the world. We conclude that there is a need to adjust the scientific approach to these challenges as an enabling condition for stronger science-policy bridges for sustainability policy-making.