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14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13389.-- Data availability statement: All data are available at https://data.npolar.no/dataset/c98f2f39-ef3a-4542-bc1b-eeefc49a1267 (https://doi.org/10.21334/npolar.2021.c98f2f39) ; Aim: The Arctic is warming rapidly, and sea ice is disappearing. This is expected to have profound effects on Arctic wildlife. However, empirical evidence that this decline in sea ice is associated with a decline in Arctic wildlife populations is lacking. Location: Svalbard Archipelago. Methods: Using long-term time series data (1988–2018) from two fjords in West Spitsbergen (Svalbard), we tested whether or not sea ice concentration was associated with the population size of two of the most common Arctic seabirds, the Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia) and black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Results: We found that the size of guillemot and kittiwake colonies has declined on Svalbard from the mid-1990s onwards, though the shapes of these trajectories were not linear and kittiwake colony size has stabilized or even increased in recent years. sea ice concentration in West Spitsbergen also declined during the study period. Independent of these long-term trends, sea ice concentration was positively and significantly associated with seabird colony size with a 2-year lag, though variations in sea ice explained only a small proportion of the changes in colony size. One likely mechanism linking sea ice and seabird population size involves changes in the food chain, with poor sea ice conditions in a given year leading to low food availability 2 years later. This would affect breeding probability and hence colony size for kittiwakes and guillemots. This relationship between sea ice and colony size was the same in both fjords for guillemots. In the case of kittiwakes, it was not apparent in the fjord where productive glacier fronts, intensely used by kittiwakes to forage, may have buffered the effects of changes in sea ice. Main conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the ongoing decline in Arctic sea ice plays a role in Arctic seabird population trajectories. However, sea ice disappearance on the breeding grounds was likely not the main driver of changes in seabird populations ; This study was funded by the programmes MOSJ (wwww.mosj.no) and SEAPOP (www.seapop.no). FR institution received funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed

Este artículo contiene 27 páginas, 2 tablas, 5 figuras. ; Shearwaters and petrels (hereafter petrels) are highly adapted seabirds that occur across all the world's oceans. Petrels are a threatened seabird group comprising 124 species. They have bet-hedging life histories typified by extended chick rearing periods, low fecundity, high adult survival, strong philopatry, monogamy and long-term mate fidelity and are thus vulnerable to change. Anthropogenic alterations on land and at sea have led to a poor conservation status of many petrels with 52 (42%) threatened species based on IUCN criteria and 65 (52%) suffering population declines. Some species are well-studied, even being used as bioindicators of ocean health, yet for others there are major knowledge gaps regarding their breeding grounds, migratory areas or other key aspects of their biology and ecology. We assembled 38 petrel conservation researchers to summarize information regarding the most important threats according to the IUCN Red List of threatened species to identify knowledge gaps that must be filled to improve conservation and management of petrels. We highlight research advances on the main threats for petrels (invasive species at breeding grounds, bycatch, overfishing, light pollution, climate change, and pollution). We propose an ambitious goal to reverse at least some of these six main threats, through active efforts such as restoring island habitats (e.g., invasive species removal, control and prevention), improving policies and regulations at global and regional levels, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts. ; AR and FR were supported by Juan de la Cierva programme, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (IJCI-2015-23913 and IJCI-2015-24531). ML was funded by the Ramón y Cajal programme (RYC-2012-09897), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. WM was supported by an NSERC Discovery grant. MG was partially supported by the European Union (MINOUW Project, H2020-634495). JMA and VC were supported by ZEPAMED Project, Pleamar programme, Fundación Biodiversidad, Spanish Ministry of Ecological Transition. ; Peer reviewed