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This short essay tries to point out the relationship among human rights, human security and peace. The essence of the essay is to explicate the necessary conditions for peace, domestic as well as international. Peace denotes members of community living or co-existing in harmony but once conflict occurs and results in violent clashes, it will lead to a situation of ultima ratio regum. The paper argues that human rights and human security are vital in harmonious co-existence without which there may be war. In order to maintain peace, human rights are to be respected and these rights are now demanded by people in many parts of the world. Human security is the essential elements of human rights. Human security includes food security, health security, political security, economic security, personal security, environmental security and community security. Human rights and human security are thus closely related. And in the final analysis, the two major elements above are related to peace. In international relations, discussions on war and peace are the common main themes. The focus is on the causes of war or the breakdown of peace and then an elaboration of mechanisms for peace by the creation of such organizations as the League of Nations and the United Nations. Human rights organizations such as Human Rights Watch and the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and like featured as part of the measures to protect the fundamental rights of human beings. The various organizations above, as this essay tries to explain, can have a positive effect on the maintenance of peace. The attempt is to pull the threads of human rights, human security and peace into a fabric to give a glimpse of a coherent whole. Peace presupposes protection of human rights and attempts to foster human security.

Nationalism in Thailand evolved through three processes: the nation-building process under King Chulalongkorn, to be followed by anti-Chinese sentiment during his successor's reign, King Vajiravudh, and the period after the June 1932 revolution under Field Marshal Pibul Songkram. Presently, the anti-Chinese sentiment is replaced by anti-Vietnamese feeling. Empirical data gathered from 294 local leaders reveal that the majority of the local leaders are nationalistic. They take great pride in the trilogy including the Thai Nation, Religion and the King. Among the foreigners they dislike or distrust most are Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians. The attitude may reflect the prevailing government policy which has bearing upon how the local leaders answered the questionnaire. (Internat. Polit. Science Assoc.)

AbstractAt the macro level, we have given a systemic picture of the elite structure of Thai society. We have argued that the most three powerful groups of elite are the military, the civil bureaucratic elite and the business elite. Among these three groups of elite, an alliance has been developed. The business elite have sought political protection from the military and the bureaucratic elite while the latter. two groups obtain economic benefit. Below the three groups of elite lie the people's representatives; the student leaders, the labour leaders and the peasant organizers. We have argued that the people's representatives are on the border line because the democratice structure has not yet become institutionalized. And this is true also for the student leaders, the labour leaders and the peasant organizers. At best, they are at the early stage of getting organized and thus they are classified as interest groups who are becoming more and more active in politics. At the micro level, we have presented an analysis of the general characteristics of the civil bureaucratic elite of Thailand. We have found from our discussion that more than two-fifths (41%) of the elite in our study have fathers in government service; 31.44% are from families of business; only 5.6% are from a peasant background. There ia an inbreeding in the government service career. We have hypothesized that family background plays a crucial role in an individual's educational achievement which, in turn, leads to his social mobility. From our study, we have found that social mobility