Suchergebnisse

Financial support for this study was provided by Colciencias (Colombia) across the scholarship Doctorados en el Exterior 728. We are grateful for the financial support of the expeditions to the project 7277 569 33195 (Colciencias), Ecopetrol S.A., STRI, University of Zurich, Universidad del Norte, NSF (Grant EAR 0957679), National Geographic Society, Anders Foundation, 1923 Fund, and G.D. and J. Walston Johnson. EDM has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 724324 to L.H. Liow). Special thanks to J.C. Braga and P.D. Taylor for the support and helpful comments on the manuscript, to P. Zapata for the collection of coral samples during the expedition 2011, and C. Jaramillo for encouraging the study. Thanks to V. Delnavaz (SBMNH) for SEM pictures of type material; I. Sanchez for assistance with SEM pictures; J. Souto, C.M. Lopez-Fe, and L. Vieira for their taxonomic advice; R. Cuffey, P. Bock, and J. Cancino for sharing literature; ARES team and Wayuu community for help in field and logistics. B. Berning and K. Zagorsek provided useful comments that greatly improved the original submitted manuscript. ; This is the first of two comprehensive taxonomic works on the early Miocene (ca. 23-20 Ma) bryozoan fauna associated with coral reefs from the Siamana Formation, in the remote region of Cocinetas Basin in the La Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia, southern Caribbean. Fifteen bryozoan species in 11 families are described, comprising two cyclostomes and 13 cheilostomes. Two cheilostome genera and seven species are new: Antropora guajirensis n. sp., Calpensia caribensis n. sp., Atoichos magnus n. gen. n. sp., Gymnophorella hadra n. gen. n. sp., Cribrilaria multicostata n. sp., Cribrilaria nixor n. sp., and Figularia bragai n. sp. Eight species are identified only at genus level and remain in open nomenclature. Of the species found, 27% have erect colonies and 73% encrusting colonies. Both types contributed to the reef framework and produced sediment. The observed bryozoan diversity was higher in the barrier reefs than in the lagoonal patch reefs. ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias 728 ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias 7277 569 33195 ; Ecopetrol S.A. ; Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ; University of Zurich ; Universidad del Norte ; National Science Foundation (NSF) EAR 0957679 ; National Geographic Society ; Anders Foundation ; 1923 Fund ; European Research Council (ERC) 724324

11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm7452.-- Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper, the Supplementary Materials, Dryad, and Zenodo ; Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data for 395 cheilostomes and combine these with 315 published sequences to infer relationships and the timing of key events among c. 500 cheilostome species. We find that named cheilostome genera and species are phylogenetically coherent, rendering fossil or contemporary specimens readily delimited using only skeletal morphology. Our phylogeny shows that parental care in the form of brooding evolved several times independently but was never lost in cheilostomes. Our fossil calibration, robust to varied assumptions, indicates that the cheilostome lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossil record of cheilostomes in the Late Jurassic ; This project is funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 724324 to L.H.L.). Extra funding for specific sampling expeditions were provided by the National Science Centre of Poland (grant PANIC/2016/23/B/ST10/01936 to P.K.), the ASSEMBLE Plus (Horizon 2020), the Leverhulme Trust (Research Project Award RPG-2016-429 to A.W.), the Russian Science Foundation (grant 18-14-00086 to A.N.O.), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil [PQ-CNPq 308768/2018-3], Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil [FAPESP 19/17721-9] and the DISTANTCOM project (CTM2013-42667/ANT to C. Avila). B.F. was supported by Beatriu de Pinós (2019-BP-00183), funded by the AGAUR (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (no. 801370). The CAML-CEAMARC cruise of RV Aurora Australis (IPY project no. 53) were supported by the Australian Antarctic Division, the Japanese Science Foundation, the French Polar Institute IPEV, and the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, led by voyage leader, M. Riddle ; With the institutional support of the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed