Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe article analyses the development of agricultural penal colonies in Italy, focusing on their margins and borders. The first section focuses on Italy's frontier with overseas territories that was assumed in discussion of the location of penal colonies following Italian unification. The article also highlights some of the factors behind the effective lack of deportation and transportation of Italians overseas. The second section explores Italy's largest agricultural penal colony, Castiadas, in Sardinia and, more generally, the borders between convicts and free citizens and between penal territory and free territory. My thesis is that penal colonies were partly designed to discipline populations in adjacent territories and that their economic and social organization served as a development model for rural Italy more widely.

AbstractThis article analyses the practices of deportation and transportation of colonial subjects from Libya, Italy's former possession, to the metropole throughout the entire colonial period (1911–1943). For the most part, the other colonial powers did not transport colonial subjects to Europe. Analysing the history of the punitive relocations of Libyans, this article addresses the ways in which the Italian case may be considered peculiar. It highlights the overlapping of the penal system and military practices and emphasizes the difficult dialogue between "centre" and "periphery" concerning security issues inside the colony. Finally, it focuses on the experience of the Libyans in Italy and shows how the presence there of colonial subjects in some respects overturned the "colonial situation", undermining the relationship of power between Italians and North Africans.

La ricerca si propone di esaminare la politica educativa fascista verso gli arabi di Libia e, in questo ambito, di analizzare il ruolo svolto dall'educazione 'indigena' nella politica islamica fascista e nel tentativo di 'fascistizzazione' dei musulmani. La destinazione conclusiva del lavoro è rivolta agli esiti dell'educazione messa in atto dal regime fascista per la formazione culturale dei libici.

AbstractAlthough a crucial element of imperial architecture, non-metropolitan penal colonies remain relatively understudied, compared with the richness of historical scholarship on modern prison systems in Western Europe and its offshoots. Complementing the perspective chosen in the recentInternational Review of Social HistorySpecial Issue 26, "Transportation, Deportation and Exile: Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries", the four articles in this Special Theme propose an additional angle of investigation of the role of convicts in the incorporation of new territories into colonial empires. The authors place sites of punishment, rather than flows of convicts, at the core of their reflection, and provide a close-up analysis of circulations of information and people across the borders of penal sites on various scales: local, trans-regional, and international. They problematize the notion of "border", and consider it as a vantage point that leads to a new conceptualization of the penal colony as a system that expands in its surroundings and, in turn, assimilates external political, social, and economic stimuli. Relying on several distinct methodological approaches, the authors foreground the specificities of colonial punishment and demonstrate how punishment became part of the creation and maintenance of power inequalities between the colonies and the metropoles.

Résumé À travers l'exemple des historiens libyens, cet article vise à étudier les dynamiques de convergence, mais aussi les processus de négociation et de concurrence d'un groupe socioprofessionnel central dans le système universitaire et de légitimation sous Kadha?. La diversité et le rôle des différents acteurs de l'écriture de l'histoire ont en effet été occultés par l'idée d'un pouvoir capable d'imposer sa vision à une société historiquement divisée. Il s'agit donc ici de restituer le jeu des stratégies professionnelles et individuelles au sein de la principale institution libyenne d'études historiques, le Libyan Studies Center, entre obéissance aux directives du pouvoir, désir de reconnaissance académique, volonté d'autonomie scienti?que et contraintes locales, en montrant comment cette institution a su préserver une marge d'autonomie et pro?ter des évolutions du régime et de la récente révolution pour accroître sa fonction et ses prérogatives, en particulier sur les archives.