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The paper analyzes various issues relating to criminal liability for insulting and defaming a public official in several jurisdictions. The objective of this study was to clarify, by comparative reference to the criminal laws of various countries, whether insult and defamation constitute a crime or are perceived as non-criminal conduct. Based on the provisions of criminal legislation and international case law, as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the fine line between the fundamental principle of freedom of expression and abusive insults (defamation) has been demonstrated. It has been concluded that both public officials and private citizens can be victims of defamation and insult, which can give rise to criminal liability in some states. The specific models of such liability differ significantly. Based on our analysis of legislative and enforcement approaches in various jurisdictions, it is concluded that some countries vigorously protect both public officials and lay citizens from insult and defamation, while other states rely more on the broad principle of "freedom of expression".

The goal of the paper is to research the modern phenomenon of global white-collar crime, its socially harmful forms and to discuss methods of fighting such criminality internationally. In the course of the research, several general and special scientific methods were used. Special focus was laid on comparing models of enforcing economic crimes in different jurisdictions. A general overview of today's interconnected economic systems is provided. A link between economic security and national (including information) security is explained. With reference to numerous publications on the issues of white-collar crime it is suggested that this topic is of significant practical meaning to national governments. Based on the example of several white-collar crimes, including tax evasion, money laundering and insider trading, a conclusion was made on the complexity of prosecuting economic offenses, when criminal activity goes beyond any national jurisdiction. Challenges of procedural nature, which relate to investigation and prosecution of such crimes, are discussed as well. As a general conclusion, it is argued that modern phenomenon of economic globalization significantly underlines the importance of the implementation of comparative, multi-jurisdictional research into the field of white-collar crime enforcement.