Suchergebnisse

The question that links all aspects of this thesis is how democratic nations implement international human rights law to protect their foreign migrant workers from unequal treatment. First, I examine international legal principles that are primarily focused on the principle of non-discrimination in international law. I describe and critically analyse previous publications, postulations, universal and regional instruments that were designed to address the protection of migrant workers from in human rights law. Secondly, I describe and critically analyse the essential features of State protections of migrant workers of two African States that receive large numbers of migrant workers: Nigeria and South Africa. Thirdly, I offer recommendations for those States to improve their protection of migrant workers. Hopefully, the contribution this dissertation will make to the protection of migrant workers within human rights law are as follows: First, through its method of analysis; secondly, through its examination of the practices of the two African States I have selected for study; and thirdly, through its recommendations for improvements.

AbstractAlthough farmers in the Malian Sahel depend on millet for survival, demand and supply constraints have impeded their use of certified seed. We use data collected from households, vendors and seed samples to test the way market purchases of grain and seed affect household food consumption and millet genetic diversity. Purchase of millet grain in markets contributes to food security, but reduces dietary diversity – suggesting that scarce cash was directed toward meeting staple food needs first. Farmers purchased millet grain for seed only in the site with riskier rainfall and smaller market fairs. Although they were more likely to purchase in markets where the genetic dissimilarity of seed was higher, purchasing seed in markets was negatively associated with on-farm diversity. Seed shortage rather than variety experimentation appears to be the motivation for seed purchase. Introducing certified seed in rural markets through small-scale traders will require the provision of market services and promotional efforts.