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Government Internal Auditor Apparatus (GIAA), as a professional organization of government internal auditors, consists of Indonesia's National Government Internal Auditor (BPKP) and Inspectorate on the level of local government and has a very important role in creating clean, fair, transparent, and accountable governance. Nevertheless, in running its responsibilities and functions, GIAA often faces audit conflicts that lead to a dilemma situation. The audit conflict will become an ethical dilemma when GIAA faces ethical and unethical choices that determine an auditor's decision-making (Windsor et al., 1995). GIAA as a professional organization is required to be able to make appropriate conclusion from the audit findings based on the applicable code of ethics in the constitution and profession. Ethical decision is a publicly acceptable conclusion, both legally and morally ( Jones, 1991; Trevino, 1986). Several previous studies suggest that there are significant individual and situational factors that influence a person in making decisions ethically (Trevino, 1986). The individual factor that influences one's determination in facing ethical dilemmas is spiritual and ethical orientation, whereas the situational factor that supports in ethical decision-making is personal ethical judgment. Based on the aforementioned explanation, this study aims to examine the effect of ethical orientation on ethical decision, either directly or through ethical judgement at GIAA of Financial and Development Supervisory Board (BPKP) and Inspectorate East Java Local Government. Test results show that ethical orientation has a significant positive effect on ethical decision; ethical orientation has a significant positive effect on ethical judgment; ethical judgment has a significant positive effect on ethical decision; and ethical judgment mediates the relationship between ethical orientation and ethical decision.

This study aimed to obtain information and empirical evidence between the influence of organizational culture, competence and professionalism of officers towards the readiness of the application of government regulation on accrual accounting concerning the accrual-based government accounting standards in Malang government. This study uses primary data to generate critical information from respondents using simple random sampling method. The number of samples used was obtained based on the Slovin formula. The population of this research were local government officers. Respondents in this study were 82 officers of the finance department at UNITS Malang. This study used a causality analysis, Structural Equation Model (SEM) based component or variance or better known as the model of Partial Least Square (PLS). Hypothesis testing will be done with the help of software SmartPLS 3.2.3. These effects indicate that organisational culture is convinced, but not significant effect on the preparation of the implementation of accrual-accounting, competence is a positive and important outcome on the preparation of the implementation of accrual accounting and professionalism is a positive and significant effect on the preparation of the implementation of accrual accounting.

This study investigates the types and characteristics of firms with politically connected directors in the boards of the company. The study uses data from all firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange spanning from 2004 to 2006. This study employs univariate analyses to address the research questions. The finding shows that firms with political connections are prevalence in chemical, infrastructure, investment, and miscellaneous industry. Furthermore, firm size is the only variable which significantly affects the probability of being politically connected firms. Specifically, larger firms are more likely to be politically connected. This study implies that the size of the firms is an important determinant in establishing political connections in Indonesia. © Iman Harymawan, Dian Agustia, Ardyan Kusuma Agung, 2017.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the meeting of the board of commissioners and board of directors affect the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure. This study uses 251 observations from 71 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2010-2017. This study finds that the board of commissioners meeting does not affect corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD), but the board of directors meeting has a negative and significant effect on CSRD. Furthermore, this study finds that loss suffered by company does not affect CSRD. However, the loss suffered by company can mitigate the negative relationship between the board of directors meeting and CSRD. For companies, managers, and shareholders, this study can show how to manage the frequency of board meeting effectively, especially when the company is experiencing loss. This research shows that the frequency of board meeting becomes effective when the company suffers loss. © General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of corporate governance (CG) mechanisms (board size, independent commissioner and ownership concentration) on green innovation (GI) in publicly traded companies of Indonesia as an emerging market.Design/methodology/approachArchival data relating to CG and GI were collected for five years (2016–2020). A total of 640 observations were obtained and analyzed using a random effect model.FindingsThe results indicate that effective governance mechanisms can encourage GI implementation to promote company sustainability. Respectively, the board size, independent commissioner and ownership concentration positively and significantly affect GI. These results imply that the optimal board size will result in effective coordination and cooperation in making GI decisions. Likewise, the proportional independent commissioners in the board structure will serve an effective oversight function. And concentrated ownership can influence executives to prefer innovation policies, such as GI.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, only a few CG mechanisms were used in this investigation. Therefore, further research needs to consider other mechanisms such as the number of commissioners, internal and external commissioners. Second, this research focused solely on Indonesia as an emerging market. Future research can be expanded to include countries with other emerging market characteristics. Third, different GI measurements from this study should be considered in future studies.Practical implicationsPractically, the results of this study are expected to provide policy recommendations, including optimizing the CG mechanisms as a control tool to achieve organizational sustainability through GI according to stakeholder expectations. This can be achieved by optimizing the size of the board of directors. The low value of the board size coefficient implies that optimization of board size is needed to encourage GI. The company can gain directors' competence, experience and skill to increase innovation performance. In addition, maximizing the role of independent commissioners in overseeing is required for continuous innovation activities. Finally, the control of large shareholders is also necessary to encourage the implementation of GI because they could influence management to make innovative decisions.Originality/valueThis study extends and contributes to the extant CG and GI literature. There is little evidence that reveals how CG mechanisms affect GI, particularly in emerging market settings. The findings offer some important evidence for improving CG in driving GI implementation.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to assess green innovation as a mediating variable in the effect of green supply chain management on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach: This research used the companies listed on the PROPER program for the 2010-2018 period on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample collected by using purposive sampling method obtained 488 companies. The data were tested using STATA 16. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that green supply chain management had a positive effect on green innovation, green innovation had a positive effect on firm performance, and green supply chain management had no effect on firm performance. Green innovation mediated the relationship between green supply chain management and firm performance. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this research was using companies listed on the PROPER program, so it needed to be studied by applying other companies. Besides, it only implemented green innovation, green supply chain management, and firm performance. Future studies can apply other green-related aspects and performances. Practical implications: Regarding the problem of environmental impact, companies in Indonesia can apply green innovation and green supply chain management to improve their firm performance. Companies in Indonesia are increasingly faced with pressure from stakeholders to implement green supply chain management. Social implications: It is useful for the Indonesian government in overcoming environmental impact issues by achieving green supply chain management by companies. Companies that achieve green supply chain management will have an impact on increasing green innovation and firm performance. Originality/value: This research assessed the mediation of green innovation in the effect of green supply chain management on firm performance. This indicated that here there was pressure from stakeholders to pay full attention to the environment, so that companies in Indonesia can apply green innovation and green supply chain management to improve firm performance ; Peer Reviewed

AbstractThe aim of this study is to predict financial distress in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Banyuwangi by using the Altman Z-score modification model from 2016 to 2019. This study involves 100 MSMEs registered in Creative House of Banyuwangi Regency. The data is obtained from the 2016 to 2018 businesses' financial statement between 2016 until 2018. The data then was analysis by using a descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that the majority of MSMEs have financial distress. These results contribute to the mapping of the financial conditions of MSME, and hence, it becomes an early sign to mitigate bankcruptcy risk for business actors and local governments to maintain the financial performance of MSMEs. Financial stability of MSMEs might reduce the poverty gap, strengthen regional and national economies and create new job opportunities.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi potensi financial distress usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Banyuwangi pada periode 2016-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan model modifikasi Altman Z-Score. Sample penelitian ini adalah 100 pelaku UMKM yang terdaftar di Rumah Kreatif Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan tahun 2016 hingga 2018. Teknik analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kondisi keuangan UMKM mengalami financial distress. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi pada strategi pemetaan kondisi keuangan pelaku UMKM yang berpotensi financial distress, sehingga menjadi peringatan dini untuk melakukan mengurangi resiko kebangkrutan usaha bagi pengusaha dan dan pemerintah daerah untuk mempertahankan kinerja keuangan UMKM yang baik. Kondisi tersebut dapat mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan, memperkuat perekonomian daerah dan nasional serta dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru.

This article investigates the relationship between director networks and earnings quality in Malaysia. Using data on 4,416 individual directors who served on the boards of 745 firms listed on Bursa, Malaysia during 2011, we map the entire network of directors and generate measures to reflect the size and quality of information within the network. We find a negative and significant relationship between the overall connectedness of a director's network and the firm's earnings quality. In addition, we find a negative and significant relationship between the political connectedness of the director's network and earnings quality. Our results are robust for different measures of earnings quality.

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of social reputation on the relationship between boards and foreign ownership on the quality of sustainability disclosure.


Design/methodology/approach
The sample of this study consists of publicly-traded primary and secondary sector companies in Indonesia for 12 years, from 2009 to 2020. This study uses panel model regression to generate its results. The disclosure data are hand-collected data sourced from annual financial and company sustainability reports.


Findings
Higher foreign board component companies report lower quality of sustainability disclosure, whereas companies that possess foreign ownership components report a higher quality of sustainability disclosure. This result is strengthened by obtaining consistent results tested with economic, social and environmental disclosure components. In addition, if the company has a good social reputation, it will strengthen the relationship of foreign ownership to the quality of sustainability disclosure.


Practical implications
These findings are relevant for policymakers, professional organizations and practitioners in Indonesia and other developing countries.


Originality/value
The moderating effect of social reputation on the relation of the foreign board and foreign ownership-quality of sustainability disclosure as this study does remain rare in developing countries. This study complements various research conducted in developing countries, such as Indonesia, by offering a new dimension. The results indicate that social reputation has a moderating role in determining the impact of foreign ownership on the quality of sustainability disclosure.

Fraud has occurred not only in the state-owned enterprises but also in the government sectors whereas the factors that affect the fraud are morality intensity and government internal control systems. This research aimed to obtain the evidence and interaction between morality intensity and accounting fraud tendency and to obtain evidence between government internal control systems and accounting fraud tendency. This research is causative research. Respondent is the auditor of Indonesia's National Government Internal Auditor. This research uses census sampling. Data was collected by giving a questionnaire to all respondents. Data is analyzed with multiple regression method by SPSS 20.0. The result shows that morality intensity has a negative significant effect to the accounting fraud tendency, and internal control has a negative significant effect to the accounting fraud tendency. ; El fraude ha ocurrido no solo en las empresas estatales, sino también en los sectores gubernamentales, mientras que los factores que afectan el fraude son la intensidad de la moralidad y los sistemas de control interno del gobierno. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo obtener la evidencia y la interacción entre la intensidad de la moralidad y la tendencia del fraude contable y obtener evidencia entre los sistemas de control interno del gobierno y la tendencia del fraude contable. Esta investigación es una investigación causal. Respondet es el auditor del Auditor Interno Nacional del Gobierno de Indonesia. Esta investigación utiliza muestreo censal. Los datos fueron recolectados dando un cuestionario a todos los encuestados. Los datos se analizan con el método de regresión múltiple mediante SPSS 20.0. El resultado muestra que la intensidad de la moral tiene un efecto negativo significativo en la tendencia al fraude contable, y el control interno tiene un efecto significativo negativo en la tendencia del fraude contable.

Fraud has occurred not only in the state-owned enterprises but also in the government sectors whereas the factors that affect the fraud are morality intensity and government internal control systems. This research aimed to obtain the evidence and interaction between morality intensity and accounting fraud tendency and to obtain evidence between government internal control systems and accounting fraud tendency. This research is causative research. Respondent is the auditor of Indonesia's National Government Internal Auditor. This research uses census sampling. Data was collected by giving a questionnaire to all respondents. Data is analyzed with multiple regression method by SPSS 20.0. The result shows that morality intensity has a negative significant effect to the accounting fraud tendency, and internal control has a negative significant effect to the accounting fraud tendency. ; El fraude ha ocurrido no solo en las empresas estatales, sino también en los sectores gubernamentales, mientras que los factores que afectan el fraude son la intensidad de la moralidad y los sistemas de control interno del gobierno. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo obtener la evidencia y la interacción entre la intensidad de la moralidad y la tendencia del fraude contable y obtener evidencia entre los sistemas de control interno del gobierno y la tendencia del fraude contable. Esta investigación es una investigación causal. Respondet es el auditor del Auditor Interno Nacional del Gobierno de Indonesia. Esta investigación utiliza muestreo censal. Los datos fueron recolectados dando un cuestionario a todos los encuestados. Los datos se analizan con el método de regresión múltiple mediante SPSS 20.0. El resultado muestra que la intensidad de la moral tiene un efecto negativo significativo en la tendencia al fraude contable, y el control interno tiene un efecto significativo negativo en la tendencia del fraude contable.

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to prove empirically the impact of good corporate governance on corporate performance with corporate social responsibility disclosure as an intervening variable on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISX) of the 2013-2015. The sample chosen used purposive sampling method and 56 companies were obtained. The path analysis method was used as the analysis technique which was solved by gradual regression analysis, with a significant value of 5%. The results of this study show that (1) managerial ownership effected on corporate social responsibility disclosure. (2). Corporate social responsibility disclosure has an effect on corporate performance. (3) Managerial ownership does not affect corporate performance, and (4) corporate social responsibility disclosure mediates the impacts of managerial ownership against corporate performance.

This study investigates the types and characteristics of firms with politically connected directors in the boards of the company. The study uses data from all firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange spanning from 2004 to 2006. This study employs univariate analyses to address the research questions. The finding shows that firms with political connections are prevalence in chemical, infrastructure, investment, and miscellaneous industry. Furthermore, firm size is the only variable which significantly affects the probability of being politically connected firms. Specifically, larger firms are more likely to be politically connected. This study implies that the size of the firms is an important determinant in establishing political connections in Indonesia.