Suchergebnisse

This article describes the main challenges faced by teachers and trainers when guiding or "tutoring" online courses. The focus is on their emerging role as e-tutors or e-trainers. The challenges are related with the processes of orientation, guidance and monitoring e-learners within an e-course. ; European Union DGXXII - Education and Training, Leoardo da VINCI Programme "Trainers Training for Virtual Learning Communities" ( ...

Images preserved in medieval manuscripts can provide invaluable insights not only into the artistic and technical developments of a past society but also into its culture and identity. They are crucial forms of evidence for the examination of cultural and social change when documentary and archaeological sources are scarce. This article examines the representations of dress and horsemanship in illuminated manuscripts produced in the Iberian Peninsula from the 10th to the 13th century and explores how they shed light onto critical cultural shifts across the period. It discusses how the transformations observed in the treatment of these elements refl ect the accommodation of new trends into Iberian visual and material culture as a consequence of the intensification of the political and ecclesiastical connections between the Peninsula and the trans-Pyrenean world ; Las iluminaciones preservadas en los manuscritos medievales pueden ofrecer valiosas perspectivas no solo de los desarrollos artísticos y técnicos de una sociedad histórica, sino también de su cultura y identidad, siendo fuentes privilegiadas para el estudio de los cambios culturales y sociales cuando faltan fuentes documentales y arqueológicas. Este artículo examina las representaciones de la indumentaria y de las técnicas de equitación en manuscritos iluminados producidos en la Península Ibérica desde el siglo X al XIII, explorando cómo arrojan luz sobre un importante cambio cultural a lo largo de este período; analiza cómo las transformaciones observadas en el tratamiento de estos elementos reflejan la adaptación de las nuevas tendencias en la cultura visual y material ibérica, como consecuencia de la intensifi cación de conexiones políticas y eclesiásticas entre la Península y el mundo transpirenaico.

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciência Política ; A search for national purpose has always played a central role throughout the several governments of Canada. Particularly after the end of World War II, the Golden Years of Canadian Foreign Policy were inaugurated, a broad slogan which Canadians assume as part of their existence as a political community, thus establishing a parallel between National Unity and Foreign Policy. Such approach brands Canada as a mediatory middle power, remarked by a permanent engagement and cooperative behavior, endorsing universal values through the promotion of a more institutionalized and just international world order: a vision with permanent presence in its processes of agenda setting and execution. Framed within the broad agenda of internationalism, different liberal governments have branded their political program in order to rescue the Golden Age and achieve their political interests may these be internal, external, or both. This thesis starts by analyzing how the Human Security Agenda emerged through the Government of Jean Chrétien during the 1990's as a response to an internal crisis of national unity in the eve of the Quebec Referendum, calling for a sense of national unity among Canadians by increasing their sense of national pride and belonging, also being remarked as the last internationalist period in Canadian politics. In the eve of the 2015 federal election, Justin Trudeau has brought to discourse the so called Canadian liberal values after a decade of Conservative rule, offering a positive and even nostalgic vision of Canada by enhancing the need to return liberal internationalism to Canadian politics. Once in power, Trudeau announced that "Canada is back", opening the door for an innovative, idealistic and very personal styled Foreign Policy agenda that Canadians identified with and even a likely possibility of rebuilding a new Human Security Agenda. However, much of Trudeau's rhetoric has lost credibility as its actions and experiences as prime minister did not keep up ...

Investigação sobre as origens ideológicas da educação vocacional estadunidense no início do século XX, buscando mapear os principais atores na aprovação da lei Smith-Hughes e seus interesses por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultado, ficou claro que foi necessária, no processo que culminou com a aprovação da primeira lei que garantia financiamento federal à educação vocacional nos Estados Unidos, uma coligação de atores cuja cooperação seria bastante improvável em qualquer circunstância: movimentos de trabalhadores, educadores, industriais, agricultores. Em meio a tantos diferentes interesses e posicionamentos quanto à forma que a educação vocacional deveria ter e quanto aos propósitos que ela deveria servir, os grupos mais influentes conseguiram se unir em torno do desejo de racionalizar a formação para o trabalho sem atacar diretamente a estrutura de classes e o sistema capitalista. O resultado foi que questões sobre a natureza do trabalho e desigualdade forma transformadas em questões de educação e treinamento.ABSTRACTInvestigation of the ideological origins of US vocational education in the early twentieth century, seeking to map the main agents involved in the approval of the Smith-Hughes law and its interests through bibliographic research. As a result, it was learned that in the process that culminated in the passage of the first law guaranteeing federal funding for vocational education in the United States, a coalition of actors was formed, whose cooperation would be quite improbable under all circumstances: workers, educators, industrial movements, farmers. In the midst of so many different interests and positions regarding the form that vocational education should take and the purposes it should serve, the most influential groups were able to unite around the desire to rationalize training for work without directly attacking the structure of classes and the capitalist system. The result that questions about the nature of work and inequality were turned into issues of education and training.

Compreender a cidade a partir do que as crianças nos mostram por meio de seu olhar fotográfico se faz objeto de estudo neste trabalho, questões como: Quais imagens ao nosso redor despertam a atenção das crianças? Como elas se apropriam do espaço da cidade? O que percebem ao observar a geografia local? As crianças aprendem interagindo com o meio cultural e social em que vivem, quando a escola utiliza a cidade como um grande laboratório de pesquisa para observação e investigação das imagens, está contribuindo para a aprendizagem de conceitos representados no dia-a-dia onde espaço e culturas se entrecruzam nas mais variadas linguagens revelando as características do cotidiano. Essa ação confere credibilidade a uma criança capaz, curiosa, que experimenta o mundo, que é competente e ativa, portanto, alguém que não é somente consumidor de cultura e de valores, mas que com suas idas e vindas pela cidade se torna responsável pela produção e preservação do espaço urbano.

The circular economy is currently one of the European Union's great strategic objectives, as it aims to achieve environmental, social and economic sustainability, without compromising the future of the European territory and the human communities that inhabit and interact with it. The consumption and subsequent production of domestic waste of families in industrialized countries has been gaining more prominence as one of the leading factors in modifiable pollution (UNEP 2010 – see Barbarrossa 2016). "Soil Return" is born as a solution to this issue. "Soil Return" is a user-oriented environmental technology project that consists of a small, easy-to-install and odorless container, which enables the rapid treatment of food residue produced in the preparation of home meals or in professional kitchens, through the compression and reduction of residue as well as the reuse of water in other applications. This project sets out to create a Business Plan based on the Business Model Canvas methodology proposed by Osterwalder and Pigneur (2011), which aims to evaluate the viability of the product, and a Business Management Plan conceived to allow a regular adaptation of the business model to the evolution of external circumstances, raising key questions and highlighting elements that could represent competitive advantages justified by Porter's five forces. ; A economia circular é atualmente um dos grandes objetivos estratégicos da União Europeia, pois visa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e económica, sem comprometer o futuro do território europeu e das comunidades humanas que nele habitam e com ele interagem. O consumo e a consequente produção de resíduos domésticos de famílias em países industrializados tem ganhado mais destaque como um dos principais fatores na poluição modificável (UNEP 2010 - ver Barbarrossa 2016). "Soil Return" nasce como uma solução para este problema. O "Soil Return" é um projeto de tecnologia ambiental voltado para o consumidor que consiste num recipiente pequeno, fácil de instalar e inodoro que possibilita o tratamento rápido de resíduos alimentares produzidos na preparação de refeições caseiras ou em cozinhas profissionais, através da compressão e redução de resíduos e reaproveitamento de água em outras aplicações. Este projeto premitiu criar um Plano de Negócios baseado na metodologia Business Model Canvas proposta por Osterwalder e Pigneur (2011), que visa avaliar a viabilidade do produto, e um Plano de Gestão de Negócios concebido para permitir uma adaptação regular do modelo de negócio à evolução das circunstâncias externas, levantando questões-chave e destacando elementos que possam representar vantagens competitivas justificadas pelas cinco forças de Porter.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relacionar as recentes manifestações políticas dos setores conservadores da sociedade brasileira com as descrições de Émile Durkheim sobre manifestações religiosas primitivas, tendo como base o livro As formas elementares da vida religiosa, focando-se nos aspectos menos racionais destas manifestações.

In Brazil, in spite of over half a million students with special needs in primary education, little research has been conducted about ASD diagnostic practices. This involves learning about the training that professionals are receiving, what diagnostic practices are being implemented on the field, and whether those are being contextualized according to the Brazilian culture. Students with special needs are directly affected by the results of diagnostic practices, since identifying the individuals is one of the first steps. Lack of understanding about that stage may lead to the problematic realities of underidentification or overidentification, exclusion of children who should receive that special intervention and inclusion of some who do not need them. Precision in diagnosis, that considers cultural factors, is a highly desired and continuous goal for special educators. Therefore, students with ASD are directly affected by the results of this research. The purpose of this study is 1) to determine the knowledge and training of professionals that diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil (Audiologists, Neurologists, Pediatricians, Psychologists, Psychiatrists, and others), 2) to determine if those professionals are using diagnostic practices similar to the US, 3) to investigate which procedures and instruments are used in the diagnosis of a child suspected of having an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil; and 4) to determine what happens after diagnosis. This research can be placed within the context of studies focused on three complementary areas: conceptual, historical, and cross-cultural. The first area is related to the overall conceptual understanding of cultural factors in the diagnosis of ASD. The second one considers the historical influences in the diagnostic practices of children with ASD in Brazil, including government policies. The last one adopts a cross-cultural approach to the study of autism with emphasis on comparative studies. The survey instrument specifically designed for this study is The Autism Spectrum Disorders Assessment Survey comprised of thirteen questions (single and multiple choice items, and Likert-type items) designed to collect information in regards to demographic characteristics of the participant, description of the diagnostic team, procedures, instruments used for diagnosis, and knowledge about characteristics necessary to identify a child as having an ASD. The survey received 236 responses from professionals that diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorders from every state and the Federal District in Brazil. The results of this research suggest the need to invest in the training of professionals. Another related suggestion is to develop specific criteria and common diagnostic protocol for professionals in Brazil. Finally, providing access to inclusive education to people with autism would also provide them a more adequate opportunity for development.

In Brazil, in spite of over half a million students with special needs in primary education, little research has been conducted about ASD diagnostic practices. This involves learning about the training that professionals are receiving, what diagnostic practices are being implemented on the field, and whether those are being contextualized according to the Brazilian culture. Students with special needs are directly affected by the results of diagnostic practices, since identifying the individuals is one of the first steps. Lack of understanding about that stage may lead to the problematic realities of underidentification or overidentification, exclusion of children who should receive that special intervention and inclusion of some who do not need them. Precision in diagnosis, that considers cultural factors, is a highly desired and continuous goal for special educators. Therefore, students with ASD are directly affected by the results of this research. The purpose of this study is 1) to determine the knowledge and training of professionals that diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil (Audiologists, Neurologists, Pediatricians, Psychologists, Psychiatrists, and others), 2) to determine if those professionals are using diagnostic practices similar to the US, 3) to investigate which procedures and instruments are used in the diagnosis of a child suspected of having an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil; and 4) to determine what happens after diagnosis. This research can be placed within the context of studies focused on three complementary areas: conceptual, historical, and cross-cultural. The first area is related to the overall conceptual understanding of cultural factors in the diagnosis of ASD. The second one considers the historical influences in the diagnostic practices of children with ASD in Brazil, including government policies. The last one adopts a cross-cultural approach to the study of autism with emphasis on comparative studies. The survey instrument specifically designed for this study is The Autism Spectrum Disorders Assessment Survey comprised of thirteen questions (single and multiple choice items, and Likert-type items) designed to collect information in regards to demographic characteristics of the participant, description of the diagnostic team, procedures, instruments used for diagnosis, and knowledge about characteristics necessary to identify a child as having an ASD. The survey received 236 responses from professionals that diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorders from every state and the Federal District in Brazil. The results of this research suggest the need to invest in the training of professionals. Another related suggestion is to develop specific criteria and common diagnostic protocol for professionals in Brazil. Finally, providing access to inclusive education to people with autism would also provide them a more adequate opportunity for development.

Os dados citogenéticos em Ctenidae são reportados apenas para 8 espécies, que apresentam juntas uma variação no número diplóide de 2n = 22, 2n = 28 e 2n = 29, sendo 28 cromossomos o número mais frequente na família, até o momento. Também são descritos dois sistemas de cromossomos sexuais, X1X20 observado nas espécies com números diploides pares (2n = 22 e 28) e X1X2X30 para as espécies com 29 cromossomos. Dados acerca da distribuição de regiões ricas em pares de bases AT e GC são insistentes em Ctenidae, porém são observados geralmente nas regiões terminais dos cromossomos em Araneae. A impregnação com nitrato de prata para detectar as regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (RONs) também foi pouco empregada nas análises citogenéticas dessa família, sendo que 3 espécies apresentam RONs simples (Ctenus ornatus, Ctenus sp., Ctenus indicus) e 1 RONs múltiplas (Viracucha andicola), com dois pares portadores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar citogeneticamente cinco indivíduos machos de Cupiennius sp., coletados no Parque Nacional do Superagui, de modo a descrever o número diploide e o sistema de cromossomos sexuais, o número de RONs e a distribuição das regiões AT e GC ricas (por meio do emprego dos fluorocromos base-específcos CMA3 e DAPi). Foi observado um número diplóide até então não relatado para Ctenidae, de 2n= 24 + X1X20. Os fluorocromos revelaram bandas GC ricas distribuídas nas regiões pericentroméricas e intersticiais proximais da maioria dos cromossomos, que foram identificados como acrocêntricos. Foi possível observar um par cromossômico com uma grande constrição terminal CMA3+, coincidente com a impregnação com nitrato de prata, e com a FISH com sonda de DNAr 18S, que revelaram um único par portador das RONs. O presente estudo amplia para 7 o número de gêneros com descrição citogenética, sendo eles: Ctenus, Nothroctenus, Parabatinga, Phoneutria, Anahita, Asthenoctenus e agora Cupiennius. Além de trazer também a primeira descrição de 2n = 24 + X1X20 para uma espécie da família.

Abstract This paper aims to describe and analyze the design of the participatory monitoring protocol of Tarituba, a fishing community in Southern Brazil, and to discuss the setbacks for its implementation. The protocol aimed to integrate fishers' scientific and technical knowledge under the ecosystem approach to fisheries, employing a pioneering method prevalent in the Brazilian coastal region: The Global Socioeconomic Monitoring Initiative for Coastal Management (SocMon). Monitoring goals lie in the socioecological sustainability of local fisheries and seek to solve conflicts resulting from fishing restriction due to the establishment of a Protected Area. SocMon was a useful tool to improve communication between and among fishers and managers. The legitimacy of the process was reinforced by participation of the fishers; however, the long waiting period preceding the implementation of the jointly agreed upon term caused frustration and mistrust amongst fishers, compromising future participation.

Dissertação de mestrado em Genética Molecular ; Mushrooms and their compounds are widely appreciated, not only for their nutritional but also for their medicinal properties. In fact, the search for various bioactive properties in different mushroom extracts or in the compounds isolated from those mushroom has been the focus of attention from the scientific community working in the area of natural products. The present work has focused on the study of the antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of extracts from three different mushrooms. Thus, the first aim of the present work was to gain insight into the mechanism of action of a methanolic extract of Cordyceps militaris in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H460, since this extract had previously been shown to have tumour cell growth inhibitory activity in this cell line in particular. In addition, the second aim was to study the immunomodulatory activity of the Suillus luteus polysachararidic (PLS) extract and of the Morchella esculenta phenolic extract, using the monocytic THP-1 cell line which differentiates into machrophages upon stimulation. The response of NCI-H460 cells to the methanolic extract of C. militaris was studied regarding its effect on cellular viability, proliferation, cell cycle profile, apoptosis and DNA damage. Results showed that treatment with the methanolic extract of C. militaris caused a decrease in NCI-H460 cellular proliferation, a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and an increase in apoptosis. Interestingly, treatment with the extract was shown to increase the cellular levels of p53 and p21. Moreover, this study also showed evidence of cellular DNA damage caused by this extract, since increased levels of P-H2A.X and 53BP1 foci/cell were observed. Overall, this part of the work suggested that the methanolic extract of C. militaris affected NCI-H460 cellular viability through a mechanism which involved DNA damage and p53 activation. In addition, preliminary experiments were carried out to gain insight into the immunomodulatory ...

Rural areas are becoming more desert from day to day, leading to complex dispersed and scarce demand patterns for public transport. As a consequence, conventional transport services are becoming less frequent, reducing levels of service (e.g., low occupancy rates, usage of old vehicles). With rigid predefined routes and schedules, they are inappropriate to operate in such environments. Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) systems have been seen as an interesting alternative solution, providing flexible transport services to meet trip requests. This solution has already been adopted in several countries as a way to increase user's mobility and mitigate social exclusion. There are however some issues concerning DRT scheme design and evaluation requiring further developments. Namely, there is still a lack of adequate tools to support some of the strategic and tactic level decisions that must be made at the design phase. In this research, we propose an Integrated Decision Support System (IDSS) and general action methodology that will allow achieving better planning decisions and allowing the evaluation of alternative scheme designs prior to its implementation. The IDSS and methodology are based on an event-driven simulation framework which emulates real-world customers' behavior and vehicles movements. The paper will concentrate its analysis on this framework. An illustrative numerical experiment is presented and briefly discussed. ; The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the European Union through FEDER - "Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade" (POFC) and by the Portuguese Government through FCT - "Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia". Research grants: FCT/TRA/72871-2006 and ...