Suchergebnisse

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objeto a delimitação de uma noção de políticas culturais pela Unesco entre 1966 e 1988. Para isso, são analisados documentos produzidos a partir de diferentes esferas de consulta que vão dando corpo a essa definição. Destaca-se, assim, a maneira como o termo passa a ser compreendido como uma série de ações governamentais com vistas a suprir as necessidades culturais dos cidadãos. Subjaz a essa perspectiva uma compreensão da cultura como direito e uma noção de cultura ampliada – muitas vezes qualificada como antropológica. Com o intuito de refletir sobre o alcance dessas elaborações em níveis nacionais – um contraponto à bibliografia que tende a analisar os documentos da Organização isoladamente –, procuro mostrar como esse arcabouço conceitual ganha eloquência no Brasil apenas no processo de redemocratização. Esse movimento analítico leva a crer que a eficácia do ideário produzido em âmbito internacional depende de cultura e situação política nacionais.

Resumo O objetivo do texto é refletir sobre a constituição de imagens do Brasil a partir de sua relação com a Unesco. Estudo-a como um momento em que a ideia de país é operada de maneira singular. Acredito que essas imagens são construídas historicamente, mas também têm caráter prospectivo. Mostro, então, como a estruturação dessa relação pressupunha a construção de um Brasil com características delimitadas pela disputa de interesses e perspectivas ideológicas da Unesco e também de parte de certa elite intelectual brasileira. O foco do artigo é o número especial de 1986 do Correio da Unesco, dedicado ao Brasil e com maioria de textos escrita por brasileiros apresentando questões e reflexões sobre o país visando moldar para ele uma perspectiva. Aposto, contudo, que é nas imagens escolhidas pelo editor que se pode entrever algumas proposições da Unesco em torno de uma concepção de país e de uma ideia de cultura.

Abstract In this article we argue that, in order to understand the "attack" made on anthropology in Brazil, undertaken in the public sphere since the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we need to look at how anthropological knowledge has become disciplined and institutionalized in the medium to long term. We refer, in particular, to the relationship between what has been constituted as a "field of anthropology" and issues related to the public sphere. It is also necessary to consider the configuration with other institutionalized knowledge throughout the period spanning from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, with discontinuities but also with some important continuities. We look to show that the anthropology initially undertaken in Brazil was basically committed to furthering the interests of the agrarian-based political elites, a situation that continued from the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century and into the first decades of the twenty-first, not only at the level of nation building, but also in the formation of the State. However, since the 1950s, and especially following creation of the new postgraduate courses in the late 1960s and early 1970s, anthropologists developed knowledge that led them to make an ethical and moral commitment to the communities with which they worked, combined with a critique of the military regime's developmentalism and dictatorial authoritarianism. During a third moment ranging from the constituent process to the present, a portion of Brazilian anthropologists began to work directly in the recognition of rights constitutionally assigned to differentiated collectivities, generating a growing and progressive zone of friction with the hegemonic sectors at the economic-political level.

Abstract In this article we argue that, in order to understand the "attack" made on anthropology in Brazil, undertaken in the public sphere since the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we need to look at how anthropological knowledge has become disciplined and institutionalized in the medium to long term. We refer, in particular, to the relationship between what has been constituted as a "field of anthropology" and issues related to the public sphere. It is also necessary to consider the configuration with other institutionalized knowledge throughout the period spanning from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, with discontinuities but also with some important continuities. We look to show that the anthropology initially undertaken in Brazil was basically committed to furthering the interests of the agrarian-based political elites, a situation that continued from the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century and into the first decades of the twenty-first, not only at the level of nation building, but also in the formation of the State. However, since the 1950s, and especially following creation of the new postgraduate courses in the late 1960s and early 1970s, anthropologists developed knowledge that led them to make an ethical and moral commitment to the communities with which they worked, combined with a critique of the military regime's developmentalism and dictatorial authoritarianism. During a third moment ranging from the constituent process to the present, a portion of Brazilian anthropologists began to work directly in the recognition of rights constitutionally assigned to differentiated collectivities, generating a growing and progressive zone of friction with the hegemonic sectors at the economic-political level.