Suchergebnisse

Popular fusion music in Peru's capital Lima has in recent years grown to a representative genre challenging existing segregation of Limeño society through interethnic and interclass interaction. Focusing on three case studies of Peruvian fusionists performing for the white upper classes, this article documents a shift in racialised notions of Andeanness and marginality among the white upper classes from 1960 to 2014 linking the changes in perception to the political and social context of those years. It examines the trajectories of Miki González – an older white fusion star who hires Andean musicians, La Sarita – an intercultural Andean rock band striving to balance the urban and the Andean, and Magaly Solier – a young Andean campesina ('peasant') actress and singer who hires white musicians. These case studies demonstrate how fusion music interactions contribute to re-shape traditional cultural imaginaries, challenge racism, and project images of empowerment onto 21st century Andeans.

En los últimos años, la fusión intercultural en Lima ha ido creciendo hasta convertirse en un género musical 'nacional' portador y visibilizador de interacciones inter-sociales e inter-étnicas, las cuales retan la segregación cultural sistemática de la sociedad peruana. Esta música brinda espacios donde los jóvenes de clases altas tradicionales retan sus roles históricos antagonistas y buscan la trascendencia cultural y significado espiritual, a fin de hallar sus propias tradiciones culturales, un concepto propio de lo sagrado, y de ellos mismos. Este artículo, basado en diversos estudios de caso, explora los discursos, a veces contradictorios, que emplean los músicos de fusión (de clase alta tradicional o no) al describir su música, así como los temas que ellos resaltan como trascendentales para compartir con su público de clase alta tradicional a través de sus proyectos musicales. Luego, examinará el potencial de esta música fusión como herramienta para facilitar las interacciones creativas inter-étnicas e inter-clase, a través de las cuales los jóvenes de clases altas tradicionales pueden recrear su 'yo' y auto-incluirse en una narrativa de país más plural y menos exclusiva. Finalmente, documentará cómo los músicos de fusión retan las ya normalizadas percepciones e imaginarios sociales de las clases altas tradicionales mediante la creación de diálogos musicales. Analizará cómo el entender la diferencia mediante la música facilita la búsqueda de su propio yo político y espiritual; lo cual les permite trascender la música y subvertir su propia identidad de clase para así experimentar una Lima "más real", un "nuevo Perú". Translation: In recent years, the intercultural fusion in Lima has grown to become a 'national' musical genre that is the carrier and visibilizer of inter-social and inter-ethnic interactions, which challenge the systematic cultural segregation of Peruvian society. This music provides spaces where young people of traditional upper classes challenge their antagonistic historical roles and seek cultural transcendence and spiritual significance, in order to find their own cultural traditions, a concept of the sacred, and themselves. This article, based on several case studies, explores the sometimes contradictory discourses used by fusion musicians (traditional or not) to describe their music, as well as the themes they highlight as transcendental to share with their traditional high class public through their musical projects. Next, he will examine the potential of this fusion music as a tool to facilitate inter-ethnic and inter-class creative interactions, through which young people of traditional upper classes can recreate their 'self' and self-include themselves in a country narrative. more plural and less exclusive. Finally, he will document how fusion musicians challenge the already normalized social perceptions and imaginaries of the traditional upper classes through the creation of musical dialogues. Analyze how understanding the difference through music facilitates the search of your own political and spiritual self; which allows them to transcend music and subvert their own class identity in order to experience a "more real" Lima, a "new Peru".

Between 1980 and 2000, Peru was engulfed in an internal war confronting the state and two armed groups, the Shining Path and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. In the aftermath, violence was replaced by silence along with distrust, disunity and distance between the Andes and Lima, which reinforced social segregation by class, race and ethnicity. This article is informed by interviews conducted during fieldwork in Lima during 2010–11. The article explores the ravages of war as one of the main factors fuelling an apparent Limeño white upper-class desire to integrate with the broader Peruvian population through popular intercultural fusion music. It argues that a sector of white upper-class fusion musicians and audiences link their wishes and dreams to their daily music life, enabling them to change normalised hierarchical worldviews and act accordingly, to move beyond apathy, privilege and delusion. They do so by turning exclusive upper-class concert spaces into political spaces of attempted social reconciliation, liminal spaces to renegotiate identities and political attitudes by musicking and empathetically acknowledging and listening to those historically silenced by hegemony and racism. They make music a technology of self-transformation, a means for the white upper classes to counteract the underlying causes of the violence, which persist.

The junior temperament and character inventory (JTCI) has been developed for the assessment of temperament and character dimensions in childhood based on Cloninger's model of personality. We evaluated the psychometric proprieties of a French child and parent-rated version of the JTCI based on a previous German version, and assessed the correlations between the JTCI dimension scores and the scores on the child behavior checklist (CBCL) in a community sample of French children and adolescents aged 10–16 years. We used data from 452 child-rated and 233 -parent-rated JCTI. The psychometric properties (internal consistency and external validity in relation to the emotionality activity sociability (EAS) questionnaire) of the French JTCI were adequate in the parent-rated version. The parent-rated JTCI had overall better psychometric qualities than the child-rated version, but for both versions of the JTCI the confirmatory factor analysis showed low fit between the observed data and the original model. Dimensions of the EAS model were significantly correlated with the temperament scales of the JTCI. Further studies are required to improve the psychometric properties of the child-rated JTCI, and to provide insight about lacking fit of our data with the theoretical model.

We have produced rib waveguides by femtosecond-laser structuring of active (Yb,Nb):RbTiOPO4 /RbTiOPO4 epitaxial layers. The ribs were produced by the approximation scanning technique combined with beam multiplexing. The so-obtained waveguides are trapezoidal in shape and show propagation losses with an upper bound of ∿4 dB/cm. A simulation of the rib waveguides with real geometry parameters reveals high levels of light confinement at 632 and 972 nm. The near-field patterns of the fundamental modes have been obtained by exciting the waveguides at wavelengths of 632 and 972 nm. Micro-Raman spectroscopy study reveals that the damage to the crystalline structure in the rib boundaries, showing no amorphization traces, is around 3 ο m in length and depth, which is significantly shorter than the total width of the ribs. © 2012 IEEE ; This work was supported by the Spanish Government under Projects TEC2010-21574-C02-02, TEC2011-22422, MAT2011-29255-C02-02, PI09/90527, and the Catalan Authority under Project 2009SGR235. This work was also supported in part by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme under Project FP7-SPACE-2010-1-GA-263044. The work of J. Cugat was supported by the Spanish Government under the FPI fellowship BES-2009-024190. ; Peer Reviewed

Much research on children's oral health has focused on proximal determinants at the expense of distal (upstream) factors. Yet, such upstream factors—the so-called structural determinants of health—play a crucial role. Children's lives, and in turn their health, are shaped by politics, economic forces, and social and public policies. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between children's clinical (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and self-reported oral health (oral health–related quality of life) and 4 key structural determinants (governance, macroeconomic policy, public policy, and social policy) as outlined in the World Health Organization's Commission for Social Determinants of Health framework. Secondary data analyses were carried out using subnational epidemiological samples of 8- to 15-y-olds in 11 countries (N = 6,648): Australia (372), New Zealand (three samples; 352, 202, 429), Brunei (423), Cambodia (423), Hong Kong (542), Malaysia (439), Thailand (261, 506), United Kingdom (88, 374), Germany (1498), Mexico (335), and Brazil (404). The results indicated that the type of political regime, amount of governance (e.g., rule of law, accountability), gross domestic product per capita, employment ratio, income inequality, type of welfare regime, human development index, government expenditure on health, and out-of-pocket (private) health expenditure by citizens were all associated with children's oral health. The structural determinants accounted for between 5% and 21% of the variance in children's oral health quality-of-life scores. These findings bring attention to the upstream or structural determinants as an understudied area but one that could reap huge rewards for public health dentistry research and the oral health inequalities policy agenda.

Background. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), Kindler syndrome (KS) and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) are three cancer-prone genodermatoses whose causal genetic mutations cannot fully explain, on their own, the array of associated phenotypic manifestations. Recent evidence highlights the role of the stromal microenvironment in the pathology of these disorders. Objectives. To investigate, by means of comparative gene expression analysis, the role played by dermal fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of RDEB, KS and XPC. Methods. We conducted RNA-Seq analysis, which included a thorough examination of the differentially expressed genes, a functional enrichment analysis and a description of affected signalling circuits. Transcriptomic data were validated at the protein level in cell cultures, serum samples and skin biopsies. Results. Interdisease comparisons against control fibroblasts revealed a unifying signature of 186 differentially expressed genes and four signalling pathways in the three genodermatoses. Remarkably, some of the uncovered expression changes suggest a synthetic fibroblast phenotype characterized by the aberrant expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Western blot and immunofluorescence in situ analyses validated the RNA-Seq data. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed increased circulating levels of periostin in patients with RDEB. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the different causal genetic defects converge into common changes in gene expression, possibly due to injury-sensitive events. These, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving abnormal ECM deposition and underexpression of antioxidant enzymes. The elucidated expression signature provides new potential biomarkers and common therapeutic targets in RDEB, XPC and KS. ; This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2013-43475R, SAF2017-88908-R and SAF2017-86810-R); from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERER, cofunded with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) (PT13/0001/0007, PI14/00931, PI15/00716, PI15/00956, PT17/0009/0006 and PI17/01747); and from the European Union (HEALTH-F2-2011-261392 and H2020-INFRADEV-1-2015-1/ELIXIR-EXCELERATEref. 676559). Additional funding from Comunidad de Madrid (AvanCell-CM S2017/BMD-3692); Catalan Government (AGAUR 2014_SGR_603); 'Fundacio' La Marató de TV3, 01331-30'; CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; and 'Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer', Spain.